出生模式对儿童期哮喘和过敏性疾病的影响:同胞研究
2012/11/19
摘要
背景:研究显示,剖腹产(CS)会增加儿童患哮喘的风险。基于“卫生假设”,这可能与CS婴儿未经过阴道菌群的暴露有关。
目的:本试验使用同胞研究设计,研究CS是否能增加儿童患哮喘的风险,以及对家庭混杂因素进行校正后的哮喘风险是否仍然增加。
方法:进行了一项有87500名瑞典配对同胞参与的队列研究。第10年和第13年随访时,基于哮喘诊断或哮喘药物治疗,收集有关国家健康注册数据库中儿童的哮喘转归变量(ICD-10 J45-J46; ATC code R03)。出生模式和混杂因素来自于医学出生注册数据库。对研究数据进行队列分析,同时对未测定的家庭混杂因素校正后进行同胞对照分析。
结果:队列分析中,CS儿童随访期间哮喘药物治疗和哮喘诊断风险增加(校正后OR,95% CI分别为1.13, 1.04-1.24和1.10, 1.03-1.18)。将急诊CS和择期CS分开后,与阴道顺产相比,急诊CS(而非择期CS)显著增加哮喘药物治疗风险,但两者均能增加哮喘诊断风险。在同胞对照分析中,择期CS对哮喘的影响消失,而急诊CS对哮喘药物治疗也具有相似的结果,但OR无显著性。
结论和临床意义:急诊CS(而非择期CS)儿童哮喘药物治疗风险增加,表明哮喘与阴道微生物菌群暴露无因果关系。应该在急诊CS治疗指征中寻找更有可能的解释。
(林江涛审校)
Clin Exp Allergy. 2012 Sep;42(9):1369-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04021.x.
The impact of birth mode of delivery on childhood asthma and allergic diseases-a sibling study.
Almqvist C, Cnattingius S, Lichtenstein P, Lundholm C.
Source
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Caesarean section (CS) has been reported to increase the risk of asthma in offspring. This may be due to that infants delivered by CS are unexposed to vaginal flora, according to the ’hygiene hypothesis’.
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate if CS increases risk of childhood asthma, and if the risk increase remains after adjustment for familial confounding using sibling design.
METHODS: A register-based cohort study with 87 500 Swedish sibling pairs was undertaken. Asthma outcome variables were collected from national health registers as diagnosis or asthma medication (ICD-10 J45-J46; ATC code R03) during the 10th or 13th year of life (year of follow-up). Mode of delivery and confounders were retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. The data were analysed both as a cohort and with sibling control analysis which adjusts for unmeasured familial confounding.
RESULTS: In the cohort analyses, there was an increased risk of asthma medication and asthma diagnosis during year of follow-up in children born with CS (adjusted ORs, 95% CI 1.13, 1.04-1.24 and 1.10, 1.03-1.18 respectively). When separating between emergency and elective CS the effect on asthma medication remained for emergency CS, but not for elective CS, while both groups had significant effects on asthma diagnosis compared with vaginal delivery. In sibling control analyses, the effect of elective CS on asthma disappeared, while similar but non-significant ORs of medication were obtained for emergency CS.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An increased risk of asthma medication in the group born by emergency CS, but not elective, suggests that there is no causal effect due to vaginal microflora. A more probable explanation should be sought in the indications for emergency CS.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2012 Sep;42(9):1369-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04021.x.
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1993年至2007年西班牙加利西亚省哮喘死亡率趋势
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抗氧化剂摄入和儿童过敏性疾病