哮喘患者寻求急诊就医的时机:自我管理、就诊时临床特征及住院治疗
2012/05/08
目的:了解哮喘急诊就医(ED)前发生的事件,有助于对患者的哮喘发作和及时就诊进行宣教。本研究旨在评价寻求急诊时机、哮喘发作自我管理和就诊时临床状态。
方法:296名患者基于急诊就医时机分为≤1天组(22%)、2~5天组(44%)和>5天组(34%),对不同组的临床特征和心理社会学特征进行比较。哮喘严重程度通过就诊时的哮喘控制问卷调查(ACQ)和哮喘患者生活质量问卷调查(AQLQ)及医生判断(住院是状态最差的一个指标)来确定。
结果:平均年龄为44岁,72%为女性,10%患者在之前一周有急诊,28%的患者由救护车送至急诊。等待时间更长的患者,年龄较大、有更多的抑郁症状、前一周有过急诊经历。这些患者更有可能采用更多的药物治疗,但可能没有咨询门诊医生。等待时间更长的患者其ACQ(p < 0.0001)和AQLQ(p = 0.0002)评分更差,更有可能因为当前哮喘发作而住院(OR:1.9, 95% CI 1.1, 3.2, p = 0.03)。
结论:急诊就医前等待较长时间的患者,其就诊时哮喘更为严重、有更多的功能受限、更有可能住院。检测哮喘发作严重程度的能力和及时急诊就诊非常重要,但常常被忽视,这些是哮喘患者自我管理的技能,需要对其进行宣教。
(陈欣 审校)
J Asthma. 2012 Apr;49(3):275-81. Epub 2012 Feb 23.
Time to seeking emergency department care for asthma: self-management, clinical features at presentation, and hospitalization.
Mancuso CA, Peterson MG, Gaeta TJ, Fernández JL, Birkhahn RH, Matozo TM.
Source
Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY , USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:Understanding the events preceding emergency department (ED) asthma visits can guide patient education regarding managing exacerbations and seeking timely care. The objectives of this analysis were to assess time to seeking ED care, self-management of asthma exacerbations, and clinical status on presentation.
METHODS:A total of 296 patients was grouped according to time to seeking ED care: ≤1 day (22%), 2-5 days (44%), and >5 days (34%) and was compared for clinical and psychosocial characteristics. Asthma severity at presentation was obtained from patient report with the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and from physicians’ ratings using decision to hospitalize as an indicator of worse status.
RESULTS:Mean age was 44 years, 72% were women, 10% had been in the ED in the prior week, and 28% came to the ED by ambulance. Patients who waited longer were more likely to be older, have more depressive symptoms, and have been in the ED in the prior week. They also were more likely to have taken more medications, but they were not more likely to have visited or consulted their outpatient physicians. Patients who waited longer reported worse ACQ (p < .0001) and AQLQ (p = .0002) scores and were more likely to be hospitalized for the current exacerbation (odds ratio 1.9, 95% CI 1.1, 3.2, p = .03).
CONCLUSIONS:Patients who waited longer to come to the ED had worse asthma on presentation, had more functional limitations, and were more likely to be hospitalized. The ability to gauge severity of exacerbations and the use of the ED in a timely manner are important but often overlooked are self-management skills that patients should be taught.
J Asthma. 2012 Apr;49(3):275-81. Epub 2012 Feb 23.
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