产前和被动烟雾暴露和哮喘及喘息的发病率:系统综述和荟萃分析
2012/05/08
目的:对于儿童来说,被动烟雾暴露是一个常见的、但可避免的喘息和哮喘相关危险因素。前瞻性队列研究为寻找新的、更为详细的评价被动烟雾暴露影响程度的方法提供了机遇。本文对有关父母或家庭成员吸烟对不同阶段儿童喘息和哮喘风险的影响进行系统综述和荟萃分析。
方法:检索Medline、Embase和会议摘要,寻找与产期或产后母亲、父母或家庭成员吸烟相关的儿童哮喘或喘息发病率有关的队列研究,入选儿童的年龄最大为18岁。采用随机影响模型估计汇总后的优势比(OR)和95%可信区间(CI)。
结果:共找到79个前瞻性研究。产前或产后被动烟雾暴露与喘息发生风险增加30%~70%相关(影响最为明显的是产后母亲吸烟对≤2岁儿童喘息的影响OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.24-2.35,4项研究),与哮喘发生风险增加21%~85%相关(影响最为明显的是产前母亲吸烟对≤2岁儿童哮喘的影响OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.35-2.53,5项研究)。
结论:基于前期研究,被动烟雾暴露能增加儿童和年轻人群的哮喘和喘息发生率至少20%。减少父母吸烟是预防儿童哮喘的重要的措施。
(刘国梁 审校)
Pediatrics. 2012 Mar 19. [Epub ahead of print]
Prenatal and Passive Smoke Exposure and Incidence of Asthma and Wheeze: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Burke H, Leonardi-Bee J, Hashim A, Pine-Abata H, Chen Y, Cook DG, Britton JR, McKeever TM.
Source
aDivision of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Exposure to passive smoke is a common and avoidable risk factor for wheeze and asthma in children. Substantial growth in the prospective cohort study evidence base provides an opportunity to generate new and more detailed estimates of the magnitude of the effect. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide estimates of the prospective effect of smoking by parents or household members on the risk of wheeze and asthma at different stages of childhood.
METHODS: We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and conference abstracts to identify cohort studies of the incidence of asthma or wheeze in relation to exposure to prenatal or postnatal maternal, paternal, or household smoking in subjects aged up to 18 years old. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using random effects model.
RESULTS: We identified 79 prospective studies. Exposure to pre- or postnatal passive smoke exposure was associated with a 30% to 70% increased risk of incident wheezing (strongest effect from postnatal maternal smoking on wheeze in children aged ≤2 years, OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.24-2.35, 4 studies) and a 21% to 85% increase in incident asthma (strongest effect from prenatal maternal smoking on asthma in children aged ≤2 years, OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.35-2.53, 5 studies).
CONCLUSIONS: Building upon previous findings, exposure to passive smoking increases the incidence of wheeze and asthma in children and young people by at least 20%. Preventing parental smoking is crucially important to the prevention of asthma.
Pediatrics. 2012 Mar 19. [Epub ahead of print]
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全球成人哮喘的患病率:从横断面世界的健康调查的结果
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母亲孕期进食与子女哮喘和过敏性疾病的相关性:来自芬兰的出生队列研究