1岁内采用口服和吸入性皮质激素治疗喘息
2011/08/31
摘要
目的:评价采用皮质激素治疗1岁内婴儿喘息的比例,分析其相关因素。
方法:本试验为在巴西贝洛奥里藏特进行的横断面研究(婴儿喘息发病率的国际性研究),对年龄为12~15个月的1261名婴儿进行了有效的问卷调查。计算比例和95%可信区间(CI),卡方检验用于检测各指标的相关性。
结果:656名(52%)婴儿在1岁内出现喘息,其中53%为男性,48.2%为白人。首次发作的平均年龄为5.11±2.89个月。喘息的发病率较高,而且急诊就诊(71%)和住院(27.8%)患者较多。另外,常见的还有哮喘和过敏症家族史(32.2~71%)、被动吸烟暴露(41.5%)和霉菌暴露(47.3%)。激素使用比例无论口服(48.7%)还是吸入(51.3%)]显著增加,在出现三次或以上喘息发作的婴儿中更高。频繁发作的患儿更有可能采用皮质激素治疗(p < 0.05)。
结论:由于1岁内婴儿喘息采用皮质激素治疗的比例较高,使得有必要建立特别的标准,来治疗1岁内婴儿的喘息,以避免将哮喘治疗外延至用于治疗其他暂时性和自限性疾病,而这些疾病采用皮质激素治疗往往弊大于利。
(苏楠 审校)
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011 Jul 14;87(4). [Epub ahead of print]
Oral and inhaled corticoid treatment for wheezing in the first year of life.
Alvim CG, Nunes S, Fernandes S, Camargos P, Fontes MJ.
Source
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of corticoid utilization for the treatment of wheezing in infants less than 12 months old and to analyze factors associated with this practice.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that administered the validated questionnaire from the International Study on the Prevalence of Wheezing in Infants to 1,261 infants aged 12 to 15 months in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Proportions and 95%CI were calculated and the chi-square test was used to detect associations between variables.
RESULTS: Six hundred and fifty-six (52%) infants, 53% male and 48.2% white, exhibited wheezing during the first year of life. Mean age at first episode was 5.11±2.89 months. There was a high rate of morbidity, with many emergency visits (71%) and hospitalizations (27.8%). Also common were a family history of asthma and atopic disease (32.2 to 71%) and exposure to passive smoking (41.5%) and to mould (47.3%). The prevalence rates for corticoid use, whether via oral route (48.7%) or inhaled (51.3%), were elevated and were higher in the group that suffered three or more episodes. Children suffering greater morbidity were more likely to be prescribed a corticoid (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The high frequency of corticoid use highlights the need to establish specific criteria for the treatment of wheezing in the first years of life in order to avoid extrapolation of asthma treatments to other conditions that are transitory and self-limiting and in which using corticoids could involve more risk than benefit.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011 Jul 14;87(4). [Epub ahead of print]
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美国成人雇员中的哮喘治疗开支
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成人哮喘的早期强化干预:为期1年的随访观察研究