城市和乡村儿童的哮喘症状和气道狭窄情况比较
2009/06/24
哮喘和过敏症的发生与基因和环境的共同作用相关。一些环境中潜在的危险因素，如户外和户内的空气污染、感染、过敏原暴露、饮食和生活方式等，都可能引发儿童呼吸道症状，导致肺功能下降。城市和乡村生活方式的特点中包括上述不同的危险因素，同时也可能与某些社会经济因素共存。乡村儿童患哮喘和对气源性致敏原敏感的风险较低。这种保护性作用和与大型动物密切接触有关，基因因素也可能参与作用。儿童长期处于城市环境，肺功能下降的风险增加，而且处于污染区域的儿童还会出现肺发育迟缓。这表明城市污染的环境可能加速亚临床型小气道性疾病的发生。
目前的证据显示，居住环境作为儿童哮喘和气道梗阻的一个潜在危险因素，与社会经济发展的西方模式显著相关。
目前的证据显示，居住环境作为儿童哮喘和气道梗阻的一个潜在危险因素，与社会经济发展的西方模式显著相关。
（苏楠 审校）
Priftis KN,et al.J Asthma. 2009 Apr;46(3):244-251
Asthma symptoms and airway narrowing in children growing up in an urban versus rural environment.
The development of asthma and allergy appears to be the result of gene-environment interaction. Potential environmental risk factors such as outdoor and indoor air pollution, infections, allergen exposure, diet, and lifestyle patterns may trigger respiratory symptoms and compromise lung function in children. Specific features of urban and rural lifestyle may constitute distinct risk factors but may also coexist within certain socioeconomic levels. Children of rural environments are at lower risk for asthma and aeroallergen sensitization. The protective effect has been associated with close contact with large animals, but the genetic factor also plays a contributory role. Children with prolonged exposure to urban environment are at increased risk of reduced lung function and those that reside in polluted areas exhibit slower lung growth. It is possible that polluted urban environment per se facilitates subclinical small airway disease. Evidence to date supports a strong relation between residential area as a potential risk factor for childhood asthma symptoms and airway obstruction and a western type of socioeconomic development.
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哮喘的经济负担：系统综述
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哮喘患儿的上学方式
