在戒烟过程中社会梯度的解释：不在于尝试，而在于成功
2009/04/21
目的：社会经济状况较差的吸烟人群成为戒烟的可能性较小。本文研究了英格兰社会经济状况在戒烟意向、对辅助戒烟方法的使用和/或戒烟成功率中的作用。
参与者：年龄大于16岁且在过去1年中吸烟的6950名吸烟者入选本研究。其中2983人在过去的1年中试图戒烟，469人称在调查开始时已经戒烟。
主要结果：过去1年里报道的戒烟意向；戒烟药物的使用；行为支持的利用；目前的吸烟状况。
结果：不同社会经济等级的吸烟者在戒烟成功率上有着显著的差异：截止调查开始，社会等级为AB者和社会等级为E者分别有20.4%和11.4%的吸烟者，而这些吸烟者都有过戒烟的意向。然而，有戒烟意向的比例(AB级为42.7%；E级为 41.3%）、药物戒烟的比例(AB级为46.7%；E级为50.9%)和NHS戒烟服务的使用(AB级为7.0%；E级为4.8%)在各社会等级间无显著性差异。
结论：社会经济状况较差和较好的吸烟者都有可能尝试戒烟或使用戒烟帮助，但不同社会经济状况的吸烟者的戒烟成功率存在梯度，社会经济状况较差的吸烟者戒烟的成功率约为社会经济状况较好者的50％。
（苏楠 审校）
Kotz D, West R.Tob Control. 2008 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
Explaining the social gradient in smoking cessation: It’s not in the trying, but in the succeeding.
Kotz D, West R.
Maastricht University Medical Centre, Netherlands;
OBJECTIVE: Smokers from more deprived socio-economic groups are less likely to become ex-smokers. This study examined how far this is attributable in England to a social gradient in quit attempts, use of aids to cessation, and/or the success of quit attempts.
PARTICIPANTS: 6,950 respondents aged 16+ who had smoked in the past year of whom 2,983 had tried to stop in the past year and 469 reported having stopped at the time of the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reported attempts to stop smoking in the past year; use of stop-smoking medications; use of behavioural support; current smoking status.
RESULTS: There was a large difference in success rates of quit attempts: 20.4% in social grade AB versus 11.4% in social grade E of those who made attempts were still not smoking by the time of the survey (p<0.001). However, there was no difference across social grades in the rate of attempts to stop (42.7% in social grade AB to 41.3% in E), use of medications to aid cessation (46.7% of those making quit attempts in AB to 50.9% in E) or use of NHS Stop Smoking Services (7.0% of those making quit attempts in AB to 4.8% in E).
CONCLUSIONS: Smokers in more deprived socio-economic groups are just as likely as those in higher groups to try to stop and use aids to cessation but there is a strong gradient across socio-economic groups in success, with those in the lowest group being half as likely to succeed compared with the highest.
