哮喘联盟

   摘要
   评估鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA1535、TA1537、TA97、TA102和TA104五种菌株的适应性，以及Vitrocell(®) VC 10吸烟机器人与3R4F参照香烟主流烟雾的联合应用结果。35mm烟雾剂平板涂布法对于TA97、TA104、TA1535、TA1537和TA102的检出作用有限。该项研究认为，由于自发回复突变株数低（0～5回复突变/平板），降级（scaled-down）方法并不是检测TA1535 和 TA1537菌株的最佳方式。在监管环境下TA97可用来替代TA1537菌株，因此该研究在整个烟气暴露期选用了TA97菌株。不过，由于尚无可用来替代TA1535的菌株，因此在整个烟气暴露期选用了该菌株。评估烟气不同暴露浓度（稀释气流率为1.0、4.0、8.0和12.0L/min）和不同暴露时间（24和64 min）下的TA1535、TA97、TA102和TA104菌株的致突变反应。在S-9存在的情况下，最高烟气浓度（1.0L/min稀释气流）暴露24和64 min时，TA104菌株均出现了阳性致突变反应。无论存在或缺乏代谢激活，其余三种菌株对各测试浓度下的烟气均未出现反应。采用石英晶体微量天平技术定量分析暴露原地的烟气颗粒沉积情况，数据单位为与其相关的重力质量（(μg/cm(2)）。最后，将该研究获得的数据与之前发表的TA98、TA100、YG1024、YG1042菌株和大肠埃希菌株（WP2 uvrA pKM101）的Ames测定数据进行合并，大肠埃希菌株（WP2 uvrA pKM101）的数据也是采用相同的35 mm法计算所得。基于菌株与整个烟雾气溶胶的相容性，采用联合数据集制定气雾剂试验策略，同时保留标准Ames试验的监管指南的本质内容。

 

（苏欣 审校）
MutatResGenetToxicolEnvironMutagen. 2015Apr;782:9-17.doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.03.006. Epub 2015 Mar 5.

 

The mutagenic assessment of mainstream cigarette smoke using the Ames assay: A multi-strain approach.
 

Thorne D1, Kilford J2, Hollings M3, Dalrymple A4, Ballantyne M5, Meredith C6, Dillon D7.

Author information
 

Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA102 and TA104 were assessed for their suitability and use in conjunction with a Vitrocell(®) VC 10 Smoking Robot and 3R4F reference mainstream cigarette smoke. Little information exists on TA97, TA104, TA1535, TA1537 and TA102 using an aerosol 35mm spread-plate format. In this study, TA1535 and TA1537 were considered sub-optimal for use with a scaled-down format, due to low spontaneous revertant numbers (0-5 revertants/plate). In the context of a regulatory environment, TA97 is deemed an acceptable alternative for TA1537 and was therefore selected for whole smoke exposure in this study. However, there is no acceptable alternative for TA1535, therefore this strain was included for whole smoke exposure. TA1535, TA97, TA102 and TA104 were assessed for mutagenic responses following exposure to cigarette smoke at varying concentrations (using diluting airflow rates of 1.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0L/min), and exposure times of 24 and 64min. A positive mutagenic response to cigarette smoke was observed in strain TA104 at both the 24 and 64min time points, in the presence of S-9, at the highest smoke concentration tested (1.0L/min diluting airflow). The three remaining strains were found to be unresponsive to cigarette smoke at all concentrations tested, in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Cigarette smoke particulate deposition was quantified in situ of exposure using quartz crystal microbalance technology, enabling data to be presented against an associated gravimetric mass (μg/cm(2)). Finally, data obtained in this study were combined with previously published Ames data for TA98, TA100, YG1024, YG1042 and Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA pKM101), generated using the same 35mm methodology. The combined data-set was used to propose an aerosol testing strategy, based on strain compatibility with the whole smoke aerosol, whilst maintaining the essence of the regulatory guidelines for the standard Ames assay.
 

MutatResGenetToxicolEnvironMutagen. 2015Apr;782:9-17.doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.03.006. Epub 2015 Mar 5.