哮喘联盟

   摘要
   暴露于二手烟（SHS）已和疾病，残疾和过早死亡联系在一起。虽然一些国家已经颁布无烟法律，二手烟危害仍可能出现在不受规范的私人环境中，如私家车。我们对截至2013年5月的PubMed和Web of Science上同行评审文献进行了系统性分析。文献入选标准：提供二手烟暴露的定量测量（生物或大气标志物）;车内进行的研究;评估的暴露是香烟的燃烧。检索到的202篇论文中，有12篇符合纳入标准。在至少一个车窗部分开放的评估车内吸烟的研究中，2.5μm或更小的直径（PM2.5）的颗粒物质的浓度范围为47 μg/m3至12150 μg/m3。在关闭了所有车窗的研究中，PM2.5范围为203.6 μg/m3至13150 μg/m3。车内SHS浓度是由空调状态，气流的程度，和行驶速度调节的。车内吸烟会导致极高的二手烟暴露，而且即使是在有空调或打开车窗增加空气流通的情况下，也会增加暴露的大气标志物浓度。这清楚地表明，在车内要保护不吸烟者尤其是儿童不受SHS危害的唯一办法，就是消除吸烟。
 

（苏欣 审校）
Chron Respir Dis. 2015 Mar 10. pii: 1479972315575202. [Epub ahead of print]

 

A systematic review of secondhand smoke exposure in a car: Attributable changes in atmospheric and biological markers.
 

Raoof SA1, Agaku IT2, Vardavas CI1.
Author information
 

ABSTRACT
Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has been linked to disease, disability, and premature death. While several countries have enacted smoke-free legislations, exposure to SHS may still occur in unregulated private environments, such as in the family car. We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature in PubMed and Web of Science up to May 2013. Articles were selected if they provided a quantitative measure of SHS exposure (biological or atmospheric markers); the study was conducted inside a car; and the assessed exposure was attributable to cigarette combustion. From 202 articles identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Among all studies that assessed smoking in cars with at least one window partially open, the particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5) concentrations ranged from 47 μg/m3 to 12,150 μg/m3. For studies with all windows closed, PM2.5 ranged from 203.6 μg/m3 to 13,150 μg/m3. SHS concentration in a car was mediated by air-conditioning status, extent of airflow, and driving speed. Smoking in cars leads to extremely high exposure to SHS and increased concentration of atmospheric markers of exposure-even in the presence of air-conditioning or increased airflow from open windows. This clearly shows that the only way to protect nonsmokers, especially children, from SHS within cars is by eliminating tobacco smoking.
 

Chron Respir Dis. 2015 Mar 10. pii: 1479972315575202. [Epub ahead of print]