哮喘联盟

   摘要
   目的：香料和强烈的气味可能是加剧哮喘症状的触发因素，很多哮喘患者易回避带有气味和香味的产品。然而，纯的、无刺激性气味暴露引起哮喘患者不良反应的机制尚不清楚，这可能涉及生理和心理过程。研究旨在探讨对于气味与哮喘症状的关系的信念如何影响哮喘患者的生理和心理反应。
   方法：根据美国国立卫生研究院标准，分类为中度持续性的哮喘患者暴露于可以引发或减轻哮喘症状的香味环境15分钟。暴露过程中，参与者被要求评估气味的强度、知觉刺激和主观烦恼，记录心电图、呼吸频率、和呼气末二氧化碳浓度（etCO2）等生理参数。暴露前、暴露即刻和暴露2小时和24小时后，受试者被要求使用一个标准化的问卷调查主观评估他们的哮喘症状。试验还测量了那些使用支气管收缩（肺活量测定）的目标参数时间点的哮喘状态和气道炎症（呼出气一氧化氮，FeNO）。
   结果：可以预见，感知风险的操作可以改变香味质量等级和报告的哮喘症状的水平。感知风险也可以调节炎症性气道反应。
   结论：闻到有所感知的有害气味而引起的嗅觉预期可能会对气道生理和哮喘发作造成影响。
 

（杨冬 审校）
J Psychosom Res. 2014 Oct;77(4):302-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.07.002. Epub 2014 Jul 12.

 

Asthma and odors: The role of risk perception in asthma exacerbation.
 

Jaén C1, Dalton P2.
 

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Fragrances and strong odors have been characterized as putative triggers that may exacerbate asthma symptoms and many asthmatics readily avoid odors and fragranced products. However, the mechanism by which exposure to pure, non-irritating odorants can elicit an adverse reaction in asthmatic patients is still unclear and may involve both physiological and psychological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate how beliefs about an odor's relationship to asthmatic symptoms could affect the physiological and psychological responses of asthmatics.
METHODS: Asthmatics classified as 'moderate-persistent', according to NIH criteria, were exposed for 15min to a fragrance which was described either as eliciting or alleviating asthma symptoms. During exposure, participants were asked to rate odor intensity, perceived irritation and subjective annoyance while physiological parameters such as electrocardiogram, respiratory rate, and end tidal carbon dioxide (etCO2) were recorded. Before, immediately after, and at 2 and 24h post-exposure, participants were required to subjectively assess their asthma symptom status using a standardized questionnaire. We also measured asthma status at each of those time points using objective parameters of broncho-constriction (spirometry) and measures of airway inflammation (exhaled nitric oxide, FeNO).
RESULTS: Predictably, manipulations of perceived risk altered both the quality ratings of the fragrance as well as the reported levels of asthma symptoms. Perceived risk also modulated the inflammatory airway response.
CONCLUSIONS: Expectations elicited by smelling a perceived harmful odor may affect airway physiology and impact asthma exacerbations.
 

J Psychosom Res. 2014 Oct;77(4):302-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.07.002. Epub 2014 Jul 12.