哮喘联盟

   摘要
   背景：目前关于某种营养素或食物与过敏性疾病发生相关性的研究有很多，但是很少有研究饮食模式与过敏性疾病发生的相关性。本研究旨在采用主成分分析法（PCA）研究学龄儿童的饮食模式，并分析其与喘鸣、哮喘及致敏发生的相关性。
   方法：来自同一出生组的儿童在8～11岁时参加复诊，采用有效问卷的方式收集来自患者父母对患者症状的表述以及医生对哮喘的诊断信息。特异性过敏反应通过皮肤点刺试验确诊。经过医生的明确诊断，同时在过去的12个月内伴有喘鸣的患者才被确诊为哮喘。在8岁时完成有效的半定量的食物摄取频率问卷，用主成分分析法确定其饮食模式。
   结果：我们通过主成分分析法根据其特性将饮食模式分为三种，第一种为传统型（主要混合摄入肉类、鱼类、水果及蔬菜），第二种为西方型（主要为高脂含量食物及加工类食物），第三种为其它型（主要为谷类，坚果类食物）。实施西方型饮食模式与曾经被医生诊断为哮喘（aOR [95% CI]: 2.19 [1.20-4.01], p=0.01）或在8岁时患有哮喘显著相关（aOR [95% CI]:2.59 [1.15-5.81], p=0.02）。该饮食模式与11岁时患有哮喘的相关性也类似（aOR [95% CI]: 2.20 [1.07-4.51], p=0.03）。 饮食模式与8岁或11岁时发生喘鸣或过敏性致敏反应无相关性。
   结论：喜欢吃高脂含量及加工类的西方型食物的学龄儿童，其哮喘发作或被医生诊断为哮喘的危险性增加。本文章受版权保护，保留所有权利。
 

（苏楠 审校）
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014 Sep 9. doi: 10.1111/pai.12276. [Epub ahead of print]

 

Cross-sectional association of dietary patterns with asthma and atopic sensitisation in childhood - in a cohort study.
 

Patel S1, Custovic A, Smith JA, Simpson A, Kerry G, Murray CS.
 

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Many studies have investigated individual nutrients or foods as risk factors for allergic disease, but few have studied dietary patterns. We aimed to use principal component analysis (PCA) to determine dietary patterns in school age children and examine associations between these dietary patterns and wheeze, asthma and sensitisation.
METHOD: Participants in a population-based birth cohort attended review clinics at ages 8 and 11 years. Validated questionnaire was interviewer-administered to collect information on parentally-reported symptoms and doctor-diagnosed asthma. Atopic sensitization was ascertained by skin-prick tests. Current asthma was defined as doctor-diagnosed asthma and wheezing in the previous 12 months. Validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was completed at age 8 years, and PCA was used to determine dietary patterns.
RESULTS:PCA identified three dietary components, which based on their characteristics we termed as Traditional (mixed meat, fish, fruit and vegetables), Western (predominantly high fat content, processed foods) and Other (predominantly grains, nuts) dietary patterns. High adherence to the Western diet pattern was significantly associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma and current asthma at age 8 years (aOR [95% CI]: 2.19 [1.20-4.01], p=0.01; 2.59 [1.15-5.81], p=0.02; respectively). A similar association was found for current asthma at age 11 years (aOR [95% CI]: 2.20 [1.07-4.51], p=0.03). There was no evidence of an association between dietary patterns and current wheeze and allergic sensitisation at either age 8 or 11 years.
CONCLUSION: School age children adhering strongly to a Western diet, high in fat and processed foods, had a higher risk of current asthma and doctor-diagnosed asthma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
 

Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014 Sep 9. doi: 10.1111/pai.12276. [Epub ahead of print]