哮喘联盟

   摘要
   背景：哮喘是儿童及青少年群体中最常见的慢性疾病。我们使用ISAAC（关于儿童哮喘和过敏的国际性研究）推荐的方法学研究了哮喘在巴西东北部发展中地区青少年群体中的流行趋势及其相关因素。
   方法：根据ISAAC推荐的方法，青少年们（13～14岁，2003年中有2003例，2011～12年中3009例）自己完成标准化的问卷。另外，在2011～12年中的患者中随机抽取430例进行补充问卷调查（研究哮喘流行相关因素），并用气源性致敏源（屋尘螨、热带无爪螨、德国蟑螂、美州蟑螂、狗毛皮屑、猫毛皮屑、混合的花粉、混合的霉菌、10mg/ml的组胺以及阴性对照）进行皮肤点刺试验。所有数据通过Poisson回归进行单因素和多因素分析。
   结果：2011～2012年间阿拉卡茹青少年哮喘的发生率为12.8%，与2003年的记录（18.7%）相比有所下降。家门外有狗（PR=0.93; 95%CI=0.88-0.98; p=0.018）或家庭中有兄姐（PR=0.94; 95%CI=0.91-0.98; p=0.005）为哮喘发生保护性因素。住处有吸烟者则使哮喘的发生率增高（PR=1.04; 95%CI=1.00-1.09; p=0.039）。
   结论：目前阿拉卡茹地区哮喘的发生率与ISAAC最近记载的数据相比明显下降。吸烟（可预防的因素）仍然是哮喘发生的危险因素，其它的相关因素可能符合卫生假说。
 

（苏楠 审校）
AllergolImmunopathol(Madr).2014Sep5.pii:S0301-0546(14)00127-X.doi:10.1016/j.aller.2014.05.006. [Epub ahead of print]

 

Asthma in adolescents - Prevalence trends and associated factors in northeast Brazil.
 

Oliveira-Santos S1, Motta-Franco J2, Barreto I3, Solé D4, Gurgel R5.
 

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most common chronic disease affecting children and adolescents (AD). We evaluated the prevalence of asthma and associated factors in adolescents living in a developing region in northeast Brazil using the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) methodology.
METHODS: According to the ISAAC protocol, AD (13-14 year olds, n=3,043 in 2003 and 3,009 in 2011-12) answered the standardised written questionnaire by themselves. In addition, in 2011-12 a random sample of these AD (n=430) also answered a complementary questionnaire (associated factors) and underwent a skin prick test with aeroallergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis, Blatella germanica, Periplaneta americana, dog dander, cat dander, mixed grass pollen and mixed moulds, including 10mg/mL histamine and negative controls). Data were analysed by univariate and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression.
RESULTS: The prevalence of asthma in 2011-12 in Aracaju was 12.8%, which is lower than that recorded in 2003 (18.7%). Individuals with a dog outside the home (PR=0.93; 95%CI=0.88-0.98; p=0.018) and those with an older sibling (PR=0.94; 95%CI=0.91-0.98; p=0.005) were identified as protective. The presence of smokers in the residence (PR=1.04; 95%CI=1.00-1.09; p=0.039) was associated with an increased risk of developing asthma.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of asthma was significantly lower than the last ISAAC figures reported for Aracaju. Tobacco smoking, a preventable factor, continues to be associated with an increase in the occurrence of asthma and other associations may concur with the hygiene hypothesis.

Pediatrics. 2014 Sep 8. pii: peds.2014-0402. [Epub ahead of print]