哮喘联盟

   摘要
   背景：为了能使学龄儿童的哮喘得到有效的控制，我们推荐学校的老师、医疗卫生人员以及管理者对于在上课期间如何管理哮喘应有丰富的知识与认知。
   目的：评估小学里哮喘儿童的医疗保健情况，教师对儿童哮喘以及管理的认知。
   方法：我们纳入了布尔萨城市（土耳其第四大城市）里141座小学的2779名老师，研究其对儿童哮喘的认知（学生均为6～14岁，1～8年级）。第一部分的问题主要涉及学校对哮喘儿童的医疗保健情况，第二部分包括老师对哮喘主要特征的认知，第三部分（利开特式量表）测试老师对哮喘相关指征、诱发因素、治疗等方面的详细知识以及哮喘相关常识等。
   结果：第一部分的测式结果表明，对哮喘儿童的医疗保健机构的设置是不足的。在参加问卷调查的老师中，14.7%的人不知晓其学生患有哮喘，另外仅有1%及9.6%的老师分别被学校医疗卫生人员或学校记录告知。仅有27.3%的老师表明他们对哮喘儿童的健康状况负有责任。大部分的老师（70%）则认为哮喘儿童应该自己进药物治疗（例如：吸入器）。第二部分的测式结果显示问题回答的准确率为44.1%～75.5%，第三部分问题的准确率则为3.3%～78.4%，第二部分和第三部分综合的准确率为60.4%。第二和第三部分的测式结果的准确率表明老师对儿童哮喘的认知在很多方面都有欠缺。本身患有哮喘的老师，一级亲属中有哮喘患者的老师，或有10年或以上工作经验的老师在第二部分和第三部分问题回答的准确率显著高于非这三类老师（P<0.001）。
   结论：学校对应该改善对哮喘儿童的医疗护理，并进行标准化（制定哮喘管理应对相关政策）。我们应该对老师以及其它相关人员进行哮喘教育，从而使哮喘得到更好的控制。
 

（苏楠 审校）
Paediatr Int Child Health. 2014 Sep 9:2046905514Y0000000150. [Epub ahead of print]


 

Health-care conditions in elementary schools and teachers' knowledge of childhood asthma.
 

Canitez Y, Cekic S, Celik U, Kocak A, Sapan N.
 

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: For the adequate control of asthma in school-age children, it is recommended that teachers, school health personnel and administrators should have sufficient knowledge of how to manage asthma during school hours.
AIM: To investigate asthma health care in elementary schools, and teachers' knowledge of childhood asthma and its management.
METHODS: The extent of knowledge of childhood asthma in 2779 teachers in 141 elementary schools (children aged 6-14, grades 1-8) in Bursa, the fourth largest city in Turkey, was evaluated. Section I comprised questions about asthma health-care in schools, Section II teachers' knowledge of the main characteristics of asthma and Section III (Likert Scale) teachers' detailed knowledge of the signs, triggering factors, treatment and general knowledge of asthma.
RESULTS: The findings of Section I demonstrated that the organisation of health-care for asthma in schools was insufficient. Of the teachers questioned, 14•7% were not even aware and only 1% and 9•6% of the teachers had been made aware by school health personnel and school records, respectively, of asthmatic children. Only 27•3% of the teachers stated that they were responsible for the health of an asthmatic child. The majority of teachers (70%) said that asthmatic children could use the medication (e.g. inhalers) themselves. In Section II, there were between 44•1% and 75•5% correct answers, while in Section III this figure ranged from 3•3% to 78•4%. The correct answer rate was 60•4% for Sections II and III combined. The results of Sections II and III showed that the teachers' knowledge of asthma was poor in many respects. Teachers who stated that they had asthma or had first-degree relatives with asthma, or those with 10 or more years' experience provided significantly more correct answers in Sections II and III combined than did those without these characteristics (P<0•001).
CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to improve and standardise health care for asthma (asthma management policies) in schools. The implementation of asthma education programmes for teachers and other staff responsible for pupils' health should result in better control of this common disease.
 

Paediatr Int Child Health. 2014 Sep 9:2046905514Y0000000150. [Epub ahead of print]