哮喘联盟

   摘要
   背景：哮喘和过敏是儿童和青少年广泛流行的常见慢性疾病。但拉丁美洲农村地区，很少有关于这种疾病流行状况的数据。该研究评估玻利维亚奥罗佩萨省农村和城市地区儿童哮喘和过敏症状的流行状况。
   方法：在奥罗佩萨省选取36所小学五年级2584名学生参与本次研究，使用标准的西班牙语版本的国际儿童哮喘及过敏研究（ISAAC）问卷和ISAAC视频问卷进行评估（回应率91%）。确定哮喘、鼻炎和湿疹症状的终生流行率、12个月流行率及重度流行率。使用广义线性混合效应模型校正年龄计算优势比（OR），95%置信区间（95% CI）。
   结果：儿童的年龄中位数为11岁，有74.8%的儿童就读于公立学校，52.1%为女生。而就读于城市学校的儿童在问卷中自我报告喘息的患病率更低（校正OR 0.6；95% CI 0.4-1.9），但他们在视频问卷中比就读于农村学校的儿童更有可能汇报喘息（校正OR 2.1；95% CI 1.0-2.6）。而且重性鼻炎（校正OR 2.8；95% CI 1.2-6.6）、重性湿疹症状（aOR 3.3; 95% CI 1.0-11.0）的汇报更频繁。
   总结：假设总的卫生保健因素一致，相比农村地区，玻利维亚城市儿童的哮喘和过敏症状的患病率更高。为了发展一级预防策略，在未来的研究仍需确认环境因素的作用。
 

（林江涛 审校）
BMC Pulm Med. 2014 Mar 10;14(1):40. doi: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-40.

 

Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in rural and urban school-aged children from Oropeza Province - Bolivia: a cross-sectional study.
 

Solis Soto MT1, Patiño A, Nowak D, Radon K.
 

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Asthma and allergies are world-wide common chronic diseases among children and young people. Little information is available about the prevalence of these diseases in rural areas of Latin America. This study assesses the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and allergies among children in urban and rural areas at Oropeza Province in Bolivia.
METHODS: The Spanish version of the ISAAC standardized questionnaire and the ISAAC video questionnaire were implemented to 2584 children attending the fifth elementary grade in 36 schools in Oropeza province (response 91%). Lifetime, 12 months and severity prevalence were determined for asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated adjusting for age using generalized linear mixed-effects models.
RESULTS: Median age of children was 11 years, 74.8% attended public schools, and 52.1% were female. While children attending urban schools had lower prevalence of self-reported wheeze in the written questionnaire (adjusted OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-1.9), they were more likely than children attending rural schools to report wheeze in the video questionnaire (aOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0-2.6). They also reported more frequently severe rhinoconjunctivitis (aOR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2-6.6) and severe eczema symptoms (aOR 3.3; 95% CI 1.0-11.0).
CONCLUSION: Overall in accordance with the hygiene hypothesis, children living in urban areas of Bolivia seem to have a higher prevalence of symptoms of asthma and allergies compared to children living in the country side. In order to develop primary prevention strategies, environmental factors need to be identified in future studies.
 

BMC Pulm Med. 2014 Mar 10;14(1):40. doi: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-40.