哮喘联盟

   摘要
   暴露于二手烟雾中是一个严重的公共健康问题。尽管欧盟成员国颁布一些旨在限制烟雾暴露的规章法案，但这些法案的范围差别很大，而且很多国家没能颁布综合性法规以创造工作区和公共环境室内无烟区。为了测量多种禁止吸烟模式的有效性，该研究是将法国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、葡萄牙、土耳其和苏格兰实行禁烟令前后公共场所二手烟雾中的微粒加以对比。记录这些国家338家公共场所禁烟法案前后的PM2.5微粒浓度。对比这些国家法案推行前后时期PM2.5浓缩平均值的变化。结果显示，全面充分贯彻执行无烟法案的国家最大的降低了二手烟的吸入。在减少暴露二手烟雾方面，全面的无烟法案较片面法案更有效。另外，不论范围地域，任何法律都必须有效贯彻执行，以获得期望的效果。所有国家仍需付出巨大的努力，以持续监督禁烟努力。

(林江涛 审校)
HealthPolicy.2013Mar13.pii:S0168-8510(13)00059-6.doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.02.007. [Epub ahead of print]

The efficacy of different models of smoke-free laws in reducing exposure to second-hand smoke: A multi-country comparison.

Ward M, Currie LM, Kabir Z, Clancy L.

Source
TobaccoFree Research Institute, The Digital Depot, Thomas Street, Dublin 8, Ireland; School of Social Work and Social Policy, Trinity College Dublin 2, Ireland. Electronic address: wardm2@tcd.ie.

Abstract
Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke is a serious public health concern and while all EU Member States have enacted some form of regulation aimed at limiting exposure, the scope of these regulations vary widely and many countries have failed to enact comprehensive legislation creating smoke-free workplaces and indoor public places. To gauge the effectiveness of different smoke-free models we compared fine particles from second-hand smoke in hospitality venues before and after the implementation of smoking bans in France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, and Scotland. Data on PM2.5 fine particle concentration levels were recorded in 338 hospitality venues across these countries before and after the implementation of smoke-free legislation. Changes in mean PM2.5 concentrations during the period from pre- to post-legislation were then compared across countries. While a reduction in PM2.5 was observed in all countries, those who had enacted and enforced more fully comprehensive smoke-free legislation experienced the greatest reduction in second-hand tobacco smoke. Comprehensive smoke-free laws are more effective than partial laws in reducing exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke. Also, any law, regardless of scope must be actively enforced in order to have the desired impact. There is continued need for surveillance of smoke-free efforts in all countries.
 

Health Policy. 2013 Mar 13. pii: S0168-8510(13)00059-6. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.02.007. [Epub ahead of print]