吸烟对哮喘的影响:以人群为基础的国际队列研究
2012/02/29
背景:研究显示,哮喘患者中的吸烟率与普通人群相似,但是已有的数据尚未得到更新。以人群为基础的队列研究中,有关哮喘患者吸烟对健康的长期影响,结果有限,而且结果存在矛盾。本试验旨在与其他人群相比,研究哮喘患者吸烟习惯的变化及其对第一秒用力呼气体积(FEV1)的影响,关注健康的吸烟者效应。
方法:基础水平下,参与欧洲社区呼吸健康调查I(1991~1993年为20~44岁的受试者)和II(1999~2002年)中的9092名无哮喘受试者和1045名哮喘患者入选本研究。
结果:随访中,与其他人群相比,哮喘患者中吸烟频率显著降低(26 vs. 31%; P < 0.001)。过去为吸烟者的哮喘患者,在1990年代随访之初,平均哮喘评分最高(主诉的哮喘样症状为0~5个),这可能与健康吸烟者效应有关(从不吸烟者分别为2.80 vs. 2.44;戒烟者为2.19;吸烟者为2.24;P< 0.001)。吸烟对FEV1下降的影响并不依赖于哮喘状态。吸烟者中,慢性咳嗽/咳痰这比例最高(P< 0.01)。
结论:4名哮喘患者中就有1名仍在吸烟,与从不吸烟者和过去吸烟者相比,吸烟者主诉慢性咳嗽和咳痰显著增加。这也证明了哮喘患者戒烟的重要性,即使是对于哮喘不严重的患者也应戒烟。
(刘国梁 审校)
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012 Jan 26;158(2):175-183. [Epub ahead of print]
The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Asthma: A Population-Based International Cohort Study.
Cerveri I, Cazzoletti L, Corsico AG, Marcon A, Niniano R, Grosso A, Ronzoni V, Accordini S, Janson C, Pin I, Siroux V, de Marco R.
Source
Division of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence rates of smoking in subjects with asthma have frequently been reported as similar to those in the general population; however, available data are not up-to-date. There is only limited and somewhat conflicting information on the long-term effects of smoking on health outcomes among population-based cohorts of subjects with asthma. We aimed to investigate changes in smoking habits and their effects on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) in subjects with asthma in comparison with the rest of the population, focusing on the healthy smoker effect.
METHODS: We studied 9,092 subjects without asthma and 1,045 with asthma at baseline who participated in both the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I (20-44 years old in 1991-1993) and II (1999-2002).
RESULTS: At follow-up, smoking was significantly less frequent among subjects with asthma than in the rest of the population (26 vs. 31%; p < 0.001). Subjects with asthma who were already ex-smokers at the beginning of the follow-up in the 1990s had the highest mean asthma score (number of reported asthma-like symptoms, range 0-5), probably as a result of the healthy smoker effect (2.80 vs. 2.44 in never smokers, 2.19 in quitters and 2.24 in smokers; p < 0.001). The influence of smoking on FEV(1) decline did not depend on asthma status. Smokers had the highest proportion of subjects with chronic cough/phlegm (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: One out of 4 subjects with asthma continues smoking and reports significantly more chronic cough and phlegm than never smokers and ex-smokers. This stresses the importance of smoking cessation in all patients with asthma, even in those with less severe asthma.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012 Jan 26;158(2):175-183. [Epub ahead of print]
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控烟政策对未来全球吸烟趋势的潜在影响
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孕期戒烟是否对戒烟状态产生长期影响?