吸烟者、戒烟者和不吸烟者的幸福感差异——全国家庭调查横断面研究结果
2011/11/22
摘要
背景:幸福感不仅仅指抑郁和焦虑的反面,它是一个很重要的心理学维度。戒烟者认为自己以前吸烟时更加幸福,不过这一结果可能存在回忆偏差。到目前为止,尚无试验以幸福感作为吸烟状态的函数,对不同戒烟时间的戒烟者与现吸烟者及从不吸烟者进行比较。
方法:对全国有代表性的成人进行横断面家庭研究,分析吸烟状态(从不吸烟、吸烟者、过去吸烟<1年、过去吸烟≥1年)与经社会人口统计学特征校正后的两个幸福感标准检测指标之间的相关性。
结果:经年龄、性别、社会等级校正后,过去吸烟≥1年的参与者报告其幸福水平高于吸烟者(p<0.001),但与从不吸烟者相似。过去吸烟<1年的参与者与吸烟者的幸福水平相似。吸烟能感受到更少的抑郁(p<0.001)和焦虑(p<0.044),这些是当前吸烟者中幸福水平较低、与吸烟相关的特征。
结论:戒烟一年及以上的过戒烟者,其幸福水平高于现吸烟者,但与从不吸烟者相似。虽然这些结果来自于横断面研究,需谨慎解读,但这至少进一步说明了吸烟降低幸福感,而戒烟则增加幸福感。
(陈欣 审校)
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Sep 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Differences in happiness between smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers: cross-sectional findings from a national household survey.
Shahab L, West R.
Source
Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 2-16 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Happiness has become established as an important psychological dimension and not merely the obverse of depression and anxiety. Ex-smokers report that they are happier than when they were smoking but this could reflect biased recall. To date, no studies have examined happiness as a function of smoking status in ex-smokers of varying length of abstinence compared with current and never smokers.
METHODS: A cross-sectional household study of a nationally representative sample of adults examined the association between smoking status (never smoker, smoker, ex-smoker<1 year, ex-smoker≥1 year) and two standard measures of happiness adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (N=6923).
RESULTS: After adjusting for age, gender and social grade, ex-smokers of ≥1 year reported higher levels of happiness than smokers (p<0.001) and similar levels to never smokers. Ex-smokers of <1 year had similar levels to smokers. Smoking to feel less depressed (p<0.001) or anxious (p<0.044) were the only smoking characteristics associated with lower happiness among current smokers.
CONCLUSIONS: Ex-smokers who have stopped for a year or more are happier than current smokers and similar to never smokers. Whilst these results are cross-sectional and have to be interpreted with caution, this adds to the evidence that smoking may decrease happiness and stopping may increase it.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Sep 7. [Epub ahead of print]
上一篇:
澳大利亚2010年烟草税增加对短期戒烟的影响:连续跟踪调查
下一篇:
有无哮喘诊断的学龄期儿童的早期吸烟状况调查