中国慢性咳嗽的诊断和治疗:现状分析
2012/10/11
摘要
在中国,慢性咳嗽是一个常见的主诉。有关慢性咳嗽的临床和基础研究起步较晚。但在近几年,针对慢性咳嗽的病因学诊断、治疗和发病机制的研究获得了一些可喜的结果。我们发现,非哮喘性嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎中的炎症,与咳嗽变异性哮喘类似,但仍存在一些差异。近期研究证据显示,气道神经源性炎症和胃食管反流性咳嗽(GERC)存在相关性。已有研究建立咳嗽相关动物模型,包括食管反流模型、非哮喘性嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎模型和过敏性鼻炎模型。在中国健康志愿者,已经建立诱导痰液中不同细胞计数、咳嗽敏感性和食道24-h pH值的正常参考值。通过采用改良的慢性咳嗽的病因学诊断,在中国许多城市进行了慢性咳嗽病因的研究。慢性咳嗽最常见的病因是咳嗽变异性哮喘、嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎、上气道咳嗽综合征、变应性咳嗽和GERC。然而,不同地区在病因上还存在一定差异。2005年就已经起草了《中国慢性咳嗽诊断和处理指南》,并于2009年进行更新。自从颁布以后,该《指南》已经通过各种渠道进行宣传和普及。
(林江涛 审校)
Cough. 2012 Jul 28;8(1):4. [Epub ahead of print]
Diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in China: an insight into the status quo.
Lai K, Luo W, Zeng G, Zhong N.
Abstract
Chronic cough is a very common complaint in clinics throughout China. Clinical and basic science research on chronic cough started late, but in recent years the effort has yielded promising findings regarding the etiological diagnosis, treatment and pathogenesis. We found that inflammation in nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis has some similarities to cough variant asthma but also a number of distinct differences. Recent evidence has also suggested a mechanistic link between airway neurogenic inflammation and gastroesophageal reflux cough (GERC). Cough-related animal models have been developed, including models for esophageal reflux, nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis and allergic rhinitis. Normal reference values for differential cell counts in induced sputum, cough sensitivity and esophageal 24-h pH monitoring in Chinese healthy subjects have been established. By using a modified algorithm for the etiological diagnosis of chronic cough, the causes of chronic cough have been investigated across a number of cities in China. The most common causes of chronic cough are cough variant asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis, upper airway cough symptoms, atopic cough and GERC, however, there are some regional variations. The Chinese National Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Cough were drafted in 2005, updated in 2009, and have been widely publicized and disseminated through many channels since their publication.
Cough. 2012 Jul 28;8(1):4. [Epub ahead of print]
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