无哮喘症状患者对呼吸困难的敏感性与呼气峰流速波动的关系
2012/04/06
背景:哮喘发作对患者的生活质量产生负面影响,而且能增加哮喘致死的风险。对于有濒死哮喘病史的患者,一个已知的危险因素是对呼吸困难的敏感性降低。
目的:在哮喘患者出现哮喘之前,鉴别那些存在上述危险的患者。
方法:53名患者入选本研究,每天记录患者的哮喘症状和呼气峰值流速(PEFR),平均记录时间为274天。这些患者符合哮喘严重程度(无哮喘至哮喘严重发作)8个分类中的一个。将临床参数(包括哮喘症状水平)除以PEFR,评价PEFR和哮喘症状之间的关系。
结果:无症状分类中,平均PEFR为75.2%(50.5-100%);喘息分类中,平均PEFR为64.5%(36.6-92.6%);轻度发作分类中,PEFR为57.3%(25.0-94.7%);中度发作分类中,PEFR为43.6%(20.4-83.1%),其中个人最佳读数为100%。因此,在相同症状分类中,患者PEFR的差异较大。PEFR在喘息、轻度发作和中度发作分类中的PEFR与哮喘持续时间、第一秒用力呼气体积和个人最佳值占标准预测PEFR值的比例无显著相关性。在各组,有规律的治疗类型除以PEFR后,各组间未见显著差异,但无哮喘症状时PEFR与PEFR的变异系数(CV)成负相关。在采用回归分析检测PEFR时,如果下降的PEFR与指南一致,无哮喘症状时的CV应该为+4.0%~-4.0%。
结论:在未主诉有哮喘症状时,PEFR的CV能预测患者对呼吸困难的敏感性下降。当患者的PEFR存在大于8%的波动时,即使患者认为哮喘维持稳定,我们也应该对其治疗进行干预。
(刘国梁 审校)
Asia Pac Allergy. 2012 Jan;2(1):49-58. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
Relationship between sensitivity to dyspnea and fluctuating peak expiratory flow rate in the absence of asthma symptoms.
Kamiya K, Sugiyama K, Toda M, Soda S, Ikeda N, Fukushima F, Hirata H, Fukushima Y, Fukuda T.
Source
Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exacerbation of asthma has a negative impact on quality of life and increases the risk of fatal asthma. One of the known risk factors for patients with a history of near-fatal asthma is reduced sensitivity to dyspnea.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify patients with such risk before they experienced severe exacerbation of asthma.
METHODS: We analyzed asthma symptoms and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) values of 53 patients recorded daily in a diary over a mean period of 274 days. Patients matched their symptoms to one of eight categories ranging in severity from ’absent’ to ’severe attack’. We then analyzed the relationship between PEFR and asthma symptoms by dividing the PEFR value by the values of clinical parameters, including asthma symptom level.
RESULTS: Average PEFR was 75.2% (50.5-100%) in the ’absent’ symptom category, 64.5% (36.6-92.6%) in ’wheeze’, 57.3% (25.0-94.7%) in ’mild attack’ and 43.6% (20.4-83.1%) in ’moderate attack’, with the personal best reading taken as 100%. Thus, differences in PEFR in patients in the same symptom category varied widely. PEFR in wheeze, mild attack and moderate attack did not correlate significantly with duration of asthma, forced expiratory volume in one second or proportion of personal best to standard predicted PEFR values. These PEFRs showed no significant difference in groups divided by type of regular treatment, but showed a significant negative correlation with the coefficient of variation (CV) of PEFR when asthma symptoms were absent. CV for absent symptoms should be between +4.0 and -4.0% when using regression analysis to measure PEFR if the decreased PEFR is in agreement with guidelines.
CONCLUSION: To determine which patients have reduced sensitivity to dyspnea, CV of PEFR should be considered when asthma symptoms are reported as absent. When patients present with more than 8% fluctuation in PEFR, we should intervene in their treatment, even when they claim to be stable.
Asia Pac Allergy. 2012 Jan;2(1):49-58. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
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