慢性咳嗽与OSA的相关性
2012/01/31
摘要
慢性咳嗽指咳嗽持续时间超过2个月。肺部影像学检查和肺功能正常的非吸烟者中,慢性咳嗽的常见原因有胃食管反流疾病(GERD)、咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)、上气道咳嗽综合症(UACS)。目前,指南推荐,基于GERD、CVA和UACS 的治疗结果,来诊断慢性咳嗽的病因。尽管指南中对慢性咳嗽的诊断和治疗做了推荐,但仍有相当部分的慢性咳嗽病因尚不清楚。近期研究显示,一部分人群,在针对共患病--阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)治疗后,慢性咳嗽得到了缓解。那么,OSA是慢性咳嗽的共患病,还是两者之间存在着病理生理学机制相关性,目前尚不清楚。本综述对OSA与咳嗽的常见原因(GERD、UACS和CVA)之间的病理生理学关系进行了分析。此外,有关触发或导致咳嗽持续的气道炎症与OSA的关系也进行了讨论。本综述也对夜间持续气道正压通气治疗缓解咳嗽的机制(认为可能与改善继发于OSA的气道炎症)及其对GERD、CVA和UACS的影响进行了探讨。
(陈欣 审校)
J Clin Sleep Med. 2011 Dec 15;7(6):669-77.
Chronic Cough and OSA: A New Association?
Sundar KM, Daly SE.
Source
Departments of Medicine & Family Medicine, Utah Valley Pulmonary Clinic & Merrill Gappmayer Family Medicine Clinic, Provo, UT.
Abstract
Chronic cough is defined as cough lasting more than 2 months. Common causes for chronic cough in nonsmokers with normal chest radiographs and pulmonary functions include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), cough-variant asthma (CVA), and upper airway cough syndrome (UACS). Current guidelines recommend diagnosing the etiology of chronic cough based upon the results of therapy for suspected GERD, CVA, and UACS. Despite following current recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, the cause for a significant proportion of chronic cough remains unexplained. Recent reports indicate the resolution of chronic cough following treatment of concomitantly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Whether this represents a co-occurrence of two commonly prevalent disorders or a pathophysiologic relationship between OSA and cough remains unknown. This review offers insights into a pathophysiologic link between OSA and the commonly purported etiologies for cough, namely, GERD, UACS, and CVA. In addition, evidence for a relationship between airway inflammation that can trigger or perpetuate cough and OSA is discussed. This review explores mechanisms by which nocturnal continuous positive airway therapy resolves cough by improving underlying airway inflammation secondary to OSA and impacts upon GERD, CVA, and UACS.
J Clin Sleep Med. 2011 Dec 15;7(6):669-77.
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儿童咳嗽的观察性研究:流行病学、对睡眠质量的影响和治疗转归
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咳嗽高反应性综合征是一个重要的临床概念:正反两方的意见