母乳喂养、哮喘和过敏症:双城记
2012/01/31
摘要
背景:母乳喂养时间对随后哮喘和过敏症的影响仍然存在分歧。
目的:本试验研究试验设计或疾病相关暴露差异是否为导致研究结果不同的原因。
方法:数据来自于两项队列研究:澳大利亚儿童哮喘预防研究(CAPS)和Barn Allergi Miljo斯德哥尔摩队列研究。这两项研究对母乳喂养和哮喘的关系存在不同的结论。我们将这两项研究进行联合分析。为此,对母乳喂养、哮喘和过敏症的定义进行了统一。如受试者父亲和/或母亲存在喘息或哮喘、孕龄超过36周(两个研究n=882)则入选。疾病相关暴露风险通过生存分析进行评价。
结果:如果儿童存在哮喘家族史,母乳喂养能降低4/5岁和8岁时的哮喘风险。该现象在瑞典队列研究中更为明显。对于有哮喘家族史的受试者,母乳喂养对吸入过敏原致敏的发生率无影响,但是4/5岁(CAPS队列研究)和8岁(联合队列研究)时,牛奶、花生和鸡蛋是致敏的一个危险因素。没有证据支持两个队列研究中存在疾病相关暴露。
结论:这些结果显示,研究设计特征(包括受试者的入选标准、变量定义)的一致性,对于消除流行病学研究结果的差异(如母乳喂养对哮喘和过敏性致敏的影响)具有非常重要的作用。
(刘国梁 审校)
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011 Dec 4. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01229.x. [Epub ahead of print]
Breastfeeding, asthma, and allergy: a tale of two cities.
Brew BK, Kull I, Garden F, Almqvist C, Bergström A, Lind T, Webb K, Wickman M, Marks GB.
Source
The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia University of Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Atkins Center for Weight and Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA 9Sachs’ Children’s Hospital, Södersjukhoset, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effect of breastfeeding duration on subsequent asthma and allergy remains the subject of much controversy.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether differences in study design or disease-related exposure modification were the cause of the differences in study findings.
METHOD:The data from two cohorts, the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS) from Australia and the Barn Allergi Miljo Stockholm cohort from Sweden, which had reported different findings on the association between breastfeeding and asthma, were combined. For this analysis, the definitions for breastfeeding, asthma, and allergy were harmonized. Subjects were included if they had at least one parent with wheeze or asthma and had a gestational age of more than 36 wks (combined n = 882). The risk of disease-related exposure modification was assessed using survival analysis.
RESULTS: Breastfeeding reduced the risk of asthma at 4/5 and 8 yrs of age in children with a family history of asthma. The effect was stronger in the Swedish cohort. Breastfeeding had no effect on the prevalence of sensitization to inhaled allergens in this cohort with a family history of asthma but was a risk factor for sensitization to cow’s milk, peanuts, and eggs in the CAPS cohort at 4/5 yrs and in the combined cohort at 8 yrs. There was no evidence to support the existence of disease-related exposure modification in either cohort.
CONCLUSION:These findings point to the importance of harmonization of features of study design, including subject selection criteria and variable definitions, in resolving epidemiological controversies such as those surrounding the impact of breastfeeding on asthma and allergic sensitization.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011 Dec 4. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01229.x. [Epub ahead of print]