小气道在成人哮喘患者临床表现中的重要性
2012/01/31
背景:通气异质性增加是小气道疾病的一个标志。哮喘患者中,通气异质性增加的临床重要性尚不清楚。通气异质性是气道高反应性(AHR)的一个独立决定因素,能随着支气管扩张剂和激素吸入(ICS)的使用而得到改善,但在哮喘发作中变得更为严重。然而,通气异质性与哮喘控制的关系尚不清楚。
目的:本试验研究ICS治疗前后,通气异质性与当前哮喘控制间的关系。
方法:成人哮喘患者入选,基础状态下检测肺功能和哮喘控制(5个项目的哮喘控制问卷[ACQ-5]评分≥1.5为控制较差;ACQ-5评分≤0.75 为控制较好)。对存在AHR的一个亚组,在高剂量ICS治疗3个月后反复检测。通过多次呼吸氮冲洗技术,对主要通过对流(对流依赖性气道通气异质性[Scond])和弥散(弥散依赖性气道通气异质性[Sacin])进行气体转运的肺区,检测通气异质性。
结果:基础状态下(n = 105),哮喘控制较差的受试者具有较差的FEV1、200 mL/s流速时的呼出气一氧化氮分数(Feno)、Scond和Sacin。治疗组(n = 50),肺活量指标、Feno、残气量(RV)/肺总量(TLC)、AHR和Scond得到了显著改善。哮喘控制也得到改善(平均ACQ-5评分:1.3-0.7; P <0.0001)。ACQ-5评分的变化与Feno变化(r(s) = 0.31, P =0.03)、Sacin变化(r(s) = 0.32, P =0.02)和Scond变化(r(s) = 0.41, P =0.003)相关。哮喘控制发生变化的独立预测因子为Scond和Sacin的变化(模型r2 = 0.20, P =0.005)。
结论:当前哮喘控制与小气道疾病的标志相关。随着抗炎治疗,通气异质性得到改善,后者与症状改善相关。小气道功能的敏感检测指标可用于监测哮喘患者的治疗反应。
(苏楠 审校)
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print]
The role of the small airways in the clinical expression of asthma in adults.
Farah CS, King GG, Brown NJ, Downie SR, Kermode JA, Hardaker KM, Peters MJ, Berend N, Salome CM.
Source
Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Glebe, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The clinical relevance of increased ventilation heterogeneity, a marker of small-airways disease, in asthmatic patients is unclear. Ventilation heterogeneity is an independent determinant of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), improves with bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), and worsens during exacerbations, but its relationship to asthma control is unknown.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the association between ventilation heterogeneity and current asthma control before and after ICS treatment.
METHODS: Adult subjects with asthma had lung function and asthma control (5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ-5 score] ≥1.5 = poorly controlled, ACQ-5 score ≤0.75 = well controlled) measured at baseline. A subgroup with AHR had repeat measurements after 3 months of high-dose ICS treatment. The indices of ventilation heterogeneity in the regions of the lung where gas transport occurs predominantly through convection (ventilation heterogeneity in convection-dependent airways [Scond]) and through diffusion (ventilation heterogeneity in diffusion-dependent airways [Sacin]) were derived by using the multiple-breath nitrogen washout technique.
RESULTS: At baseline (n = 105), subjects with poorly controlled asthma had worse FEV(1), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide measured at 200 mL/s (Feno), Scond, and Sacin values. In the treatment group (n = 50) spirometric, Feno, residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC), AHR, and Scond values significantly improved. Asthma control also improved (mean ACQ-5 score, 1.3-0.7; P < .0001). The change in ACQ-5 score correlated with changes in Feno (r(s) = 0.31, P = .03), Sacin (r(s) = 0.32, P = .02), and Scond (r(s) = 0.41, P = .003) values. The independent predictors of a change in asthma control were changes in Scond and Sacin values (model r(2) = 0.20, P = .005).
CONCLUSIONS: Current asthma control is associated with markers of small-airways disease. Improvements in ventilation heterogeneity with anti-inflammatory therapy are associated with improvements in symptoms. Sensitive measures of small-airway function might be useful in monitoring the response to therapy in asthmatic subjects.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print]
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IL-13通过诱导IL-1受体相关激酶M抑制人气道上皮固有免疫
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