美金刚镇咳作用的豚鼠咳嗽模型研究
2011/11/23
摘要
背景:咳嗽的临床治疗效果并不尽如人意,因为很少有证据表明,当前的咳嗽治疗有效。鉴于N -甲基-D -天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)在咳嗽中的作用,我们认为美金刚(低亲和力、非竞争性NMDAR通道阻断剂,常规用于阿尔茨海默氏症的治疗)是一种疗效、耐受性俱佳的镇咳药物。本试验旨在确立美金刚有镇咳作用的临床前研究证据。
方法:研究美金刚对橼酸和缓激肽诱导豚鼠枸咳嗽的影响。对照其他NMDAR拮抗剂(右美沙芬和氯胺酮)和GABA(B)受体激动剂(巴氯芬),比较美金刚作为镇咳药在治疗效力和疗效上的差异。
结果:与对照相比,10 mg/kg美金刚能显著降低枸橼酸[中位数:24.0次(IQR 13.0-25.5) vs 1.5 (IQR 0.3-10.3), P=0.012]和缓激肽[中位数:16.0次(IQR 9.5-18.5) vs 0.0 (IQR 0-0.75), P=0.002]诱导的咳嗽累积次数。在降低累积咳嗽次数上,10mg/kg美金刚的作用与3mg/kg巴氯芬相似,但其镇咳效果强于30mg/kg右美沙芬和30 mg/ kg氯胺酮。该剂量下的美金刚无镇静和呼吸抑制作用。
结论:本研究显示,在豚鼠咳嗽模型中,美金刚具有较好的镇咳效果,可能与其阻断NMDAR通道相关。因此美金刚有可能成为一种安全、有效、耐受性好的镇咳药物。
(陈欣 审校)
Chest. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
Anti-tussive effects of memantine in guinea pigs.
Smith JA, Young EC, Saulsberry L, Canning BJ.
Source
1Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The treatment of cough is a significant clinical unmet need, as there is little evidence that current therapies are effective. Based on evidence supporting a role for N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) in cough, we hypothesised that memantine, a low affinity, uncompetitive NMDAR channel blocker in routine use for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, could be an effective, well-tolerated anti-tussive therapy. The aim of this study was to establish pre-clinical evidence that memantine has anti-tussive effects.
METHODS: We studied the influence of memantine on experimentally induced coughing in response to citric acid and bradykinin inhalation in guinea pigs. We also compared the potency and efficacy of memantine as an anti-tussive to other NMDAR antagonists, dextromethorphan and ketamine, and to the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen.
RESULTS: Compared with control, 10 mg/kg memantine significantly reduced the cumulative number of coughs evoked by both citric acid [median 24.0 coughs (IQR 13.0-25.5) versus 1.5 (IQR 0.3-10.3), p=0.012] and bradykinin aerosols, [median 16.0 coughs (IQR 9.5-18.5) versus 0.0 (IQR 0-0.75), p=0.002]. Memantine 10mg/kg produced a similar reduction in the cumulative number of coughs to baclofen 3mg/kg, and demonstrated comparatively greater cough suppression than 30mg/kg dextromethorphan or 30 mg/ kg ketamine. This dose of memantine produced no sedative or respiratory depressive effects.
CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates that memantine has marked anti-tussive effects in guinea pigs, most likely mediated via NMDAR channel blockade. Memantine therefore has the potential to be a safe, effective and well-tolerated anti-tussive agent.
Chest. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
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烟管菌致敏能加重真菌相关慢性咳嗽(FACC)患者的咳嗽症状
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静脉注射地佐辛干预全麻诱导期芬太尼引起的咳嗽——双盲前瞻性随机对照试验