学龄前儿童家庭空调环境和交通环境暴露与哮喘和过敏性症状之间的关系
2010/09/14
摘要
流行病学资料显示，交通环境暴露可能影响学龄前儿童的哮喘和过敏性症状。然而，家庭空调(AC)暴露是否能降低哮喘风险尚未清楚。本文旨在学龄前儿童中评价自我主诉的交通密度与哮喘和过敏性症状的相关性，研究是否AC可以作为一个调节因素。本试验为对国际儿童哮喘和过敏症研究扩展和修正后的一个横断面研究。2994名住家儿童参与本研究，参与者无任何室内危险因素。获取特异性信息，包括人口统计学信息、室内危险因素、交通参数。采用Cox比例风险回归模型，对协变量控制后假设一个恒定的危险期，计算校正后的现患比（PR）和95%可信区间（CI）。
结果显示，有效的自我主诉的交通密度与哮喘和鼻炎症状具有量效关系。非空调家庭的儿童，哮喘与研究的鼻炎症状相关性更强。交通密度大，与喘息、哮喘、鼻炎和鼻结膜炎的PR分别为2.06 (95% CI 0.97-4.38)、2.89 (1.14-7.32)、1.73 (1.00-2.99)和3.39 (1.24-9.27)。空调家庭的儿童未见上述相关性。我们的结果显示，卧室空调环境能调节交通环境对学龄前儿童健康的影响。这些结果表明，我们需注意家庭的室内通风，以缓解交通污染对健康的不利影响。
（苏楠 审校）
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010 Jun 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Home air-conditioning, traffic exposure, and asthma and allergic symptoms among preschool children
Zuraimi MS, Tham KW, Chew FT, Ooi PL, Koh D.
Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that traffic exposures can influence asthma and allergic symptoms among preschool children; however, there is no information on risk reduction via home air-conditioning (AC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations of self-reported traffic densities with asthma and allergic symptoms among preschool children and determine whether AC is an effect modifier. A cross-sectional study adopting an expanded and modified ISAAC - International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood conducted on randomly selected 2994 children living in homes without any indoor risk factors. Specific information on demographics, indoor home risk factors, and traffic variables were obtained. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined by Cox proportional hazard regression model with assumption of a constant risk period controlled for covariates. We found dose-response significant relationships between validated self-reported traffic densities and asthma and rhinitis symptoms. Among children sleeping in non-air-conditioned homes, there were stronger associations between asthma and rhinitis symptoms studied. PRs for heavy traffic density were 2.06 for wheeze (95% CI 0.97-4.38), 2.89 for asthma (1.14-7.32), 1.73 for rhinitis (1.00-2.99), and 3.39 for rhinoconjunctivitis (1.24-9.27). There were no associations found for children sleeping in air-conditioned homes. Our results suggest that AC in the bedroom modifies the health effects of traffic among preschool children. This finding suggests that attention should also be paid to ventilation characteristics of the homes to remediate health-related traffic pollution problems.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010 Jun 14. [Epub ahead of print]
流行病学资料显示，交通环境暴露可能影响学龄前儿童的哮喘和过敏性症状。然而，家庭空调(AC)暴露是否能降低哮喘风险尚未清楚。本文旨在学龄前儿童中评价自我主诉的交通密度与哮喘和过敏性症状的相关性，研究是否AC可以作为一个调节因素。本试验为对国际儿童哮喘和过敏症研究扩展和修正后的一个横断面研究。2994名住家儿童参与本研究，参与者无任何室内危险因素。获取特异性信息，包括人口统计学信息、室内危险因素、交通参数。采用Cox比例风险回归模型，对协变量控制后假设一个恒定的危险期，计算校正后的现患比（PR）和95%可信区间（CI）。
结果显示，有效的自我主诉的交通密度与哮喘和鼻炎症状具有量效关系。非空调家庭的儿童，哮喘与研究的鼻炎症状相关性更强。交通密度大，与喘息、哮喘、鼻炎和鼻结膜炎的PR分别为2.06 (95% CI 0.97-4.38)、2.89 (1.14-7.32)、1.73 (1.00-2.99)和3.39 (1.24-9.27)。空调家庭的儿童未见上述相关性。我们的结果显示，卧室空调环境能调节交通环境对学龄前儿童健康的影响。这些结果表明，我们需注意家庭的室内通风，以缓解交通污染对健康的不利影响。
（苏楠 审校）
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010 Jun 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Home air-conditioning, traffic exposure, and asthma and allergic symptoms among preschool children
Zuraimi MS, Tham KW, Chew FT, Ooi PL, Koh D.
Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that traffic exposures can influence asthma and allergic symptoms among preschool children; however, there is no information on risk reduction via home air-conditioning (AC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations of self-reported traffic densities with asthma and allergic symptoms among preschool children and determine whether AC is an effect modifier. A cross-sectional study adopting an expanded and modified ISAAC - International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood conducted on randomly selected 2994 children living in homes without any indoor risk factors. Specific information on demographics, indoor home risk factors, and traffic variables were obtained. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined by Cox proportional hazard regression model with assumption of a constant risk period controlled for covariates. We found dose-response significant relationships between validated self-reported traffic densities and asthma and rhinitis symptoms. Among children sleeping in non-air-conditioned homes, there were stronger associations between asthma and rhinitis symptoms studied. PRs for heavy traffic density were 2.06 for wheeze (95% CI 0.97-4.38), 2.89 for asthma (1.14-7.32), 1.73 for rhinitis (1.00-2.99), and 3.39 for rhinoconjunctivitis (1.24-9.27). There were no associations found for children sleeping in air-conditioned homes. Our results suggest that AC in the bedroom modifies the health effects of traffic among preschool children. This finding suggests that attention should also be paid to ventilation characteristics of the homes to remediate health-related traffic pollution problems.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010 Jun 14. [Epub ahead of print]
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台湾儿童中NOS1基因对哮喘和总IgE水平的影响及其与环境因素的相互作用
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牛奶过敏是学龄期儿童支气管高反应性和气道炎症的预测因子
