皮肤点刺试验与特异性血清免疫球蛋白E在诊断真菌致敏性严重哮喘中的比较
2009/10/15
背景:研究显示,抗真菌治疗可使变应性支气管肺曲霉菌病(ABPA)和真菌致敏性严重哮喘(SAFS)患者临床获益。但在真菌敏感性患者的鉴别中皮肤针刺试验(SPT)与特异性IgE试验何者更为敏感,以及哪种检测可以作为抗真菌治疗的候选检查,目前尚不清楚。
目的:比较SPT和特异性血清IgE试验在真菌致敏性严重哮喘诊断中的应用。
方法:我们对下述6种真菌进行SPT和特异性血清IgE试验:烟曲霉菌、白色念珠菌、青霉菌、分支胞子菌、链格孢菌和灰霉病菌;并在121例严重哮喘患者(英国胸科协会/SIGN第4、5期研究)中进行发癣菌属特异性血清IgE试验。
结果:SPT和/或特异性血清IgE试验结果显示,有66%的患者可被一种或多种真菌致敏。SPT和/或特异性血清IgE试验的阳性率分别为:烟曲曲霉45%、白色念珠菌36%、青霉菌29%、分支胞子菌24%、链格孢菌22%、灰霉病菌18%、发癣菌17% (仅特异性血清IgE试验)。两种试验的总体一致率为77%,但对个别真菌的检测一致率仅为14%~56%。29例(24%)患者可被一种真菌致敏,7例(6%)患者可被所有7种真菌致敏。50%的患者可被真菌和非真菌提取物致敏,13%的患者未见阳性反应。
结论:本研究结果与先前所报道的一项真菌致敏性严重哮喘研究结果相一致。目前,仍有必要采用SPT和特异性血清IgE试验对所有真菌致敏性病例进行鉴别。这在ABPA和SAFS患者的鉴别诊断中可能具有非常重要的作用,因为他们可从抗真菌治疗中获益。
(苏楠 审校)
O’Driscoll BR, et al. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009 Aug 18.
Comparison of skin prick tests with specific serum immunoglobulin E in the diagnosis of fungal sensitization in patients with severe asthma.
O’Driscoll BR, Powell G, Chew F, Niven RM, Miles JF, Vyas A, Denning DW.
Summary Background: It has been shown that patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and patients with severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) can benefit from antifungal therapy. It is not known whether allergy skin prick tests (SPT) or specific IgE tests are more sensitive in the identification of patients who are sensitized to fungi and who are therefore candidates for antifungal therapy.
Objectives: To compare SPT and specific serum IgE tests for fungal sensitization in patients with severe asthma.
Methods: We have undertaken SPT and specific serum IgE tests to six fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Penicillium notatum, Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cineria) and specific serum IgE test for Trichophyton in 121 patients with severe asthma (British Thoracic Society/SIGN steps 4 and 5).
Results: Sixty-six percent of patients were sensitized to one or more fungi based on SPT and/or specific serum IgE results. Positivity to SPT and/or specific serum IgE was as follows: A. fumigatus 45%, C. albicans 36%, P. notatum 29%, C. herbarum 24%, A. alternata 22%, B. cineria 18%, Trichophyton 17% (specific serum IgE only). Concordance between the tests was 77% overall but only 14-56% for individual fungi. Twenty-nine (24%) patients were sensitized to a single fungus and seven (6%) were sensitized to all seven fungal species. Fifty percent of patients were sensitized to fungal and non-fungal extracts, 21% were sensitized only to non-fungal extracts, 16% were sensitized only to fungal extracts and 13% had no positive tests.
Conclusion: This study is consistent with previous reports that fungal sensitization is common in patients with severe asthma. At present, it remains necessary to undertake both SPT and specific serum IgE testing to identify all cases of fungal sensitization. This may be important in the identification of patients with ABPA and SAFS who may benefit from antifungal therapy.
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等二氧化碳自主过度通气法在诊断运动诱发支气管痉挛的临床应用
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学龄前儿童的哮喘提示症状对长期预后的预测作用