长效β受体激动剂的安全性:是否真的需要新的证据
2009/08/11
尽管争论存在了20多年,美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)举行了多次听证会,且已有黑框警告,而且已有诸多描述性研究及荟萃分析,但针对长效β受体激动剂(LABA)在哮喘治疗中的安全性仍然存在分歧。因而最近要求对其进行一项大规模的、最为可靠的安全性研究的呼声很高。
评论首先集中于荟萃分析所提供的数据,这些荟萃分析来自于FDA的110项共有60,954人参与的、有关LABA安全性的研究,其次,焦点放在样本量的大小,在强制性吸入糖皮质激素治疗(ICS)中,有关LABA安全性进行的新的可靠研究需要足够的样本量。对15,192人参与的FDA研究报告的分层分析显示,与强制性ICS联合使用,LABA与哮喘相关的死亡、插管或恶化风险增加无关(风险差异[RD] 0.25/1000人,95%CI: -1.69-2.18)。为了证实或推翻LABA联合ICS使用与不良后果之间的相关性,采用相同的分层数据计算样本量大小,而且假设RD正好为0.25,忽略95%可信区间包涵0甚或忽略负向风险,这样的研究在逻辑上和科学上都是不可行的。进行一项新的研究不是很实际,而且考虑到现有数据的分析,也不需要再进行类似的研究。我们应该从过去的研究中积累经验,在哮喘治疗过程中,避免采用LABA单一治疗,有指征的情况下尽量与合适剂量的ICS合用。
(苏楠 审校)
Sears MR. Chest. 2009 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Safety of Long-Acting Beta-Agonists: Are New Data Really Required?
Sears MR.
From the Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph’s Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Despite 20 years of debate, several Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hearings, black-box warnings, and many descriptive papers and meta-analyses, controversy regarding the safety of long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) treatment in asthma continues. This has resulted in a recent call for another large and definitive safety study. This commentary focuses firstly on data provided in the metaanalysis recently undertaken by the FDA of safety outcomes among 60,954 individuals in 110 LABA trials, and secondly on the sample size which would be required for a new definitive study of LABA safety in the presence of mandatory inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). A critical stratified analysis in the FDA report involving 15,192 individuals indicates that LABA used with mandatory ICS was not associated with an increased risk of asthma-related mortality, intubations or exacerbations (Risk Difference [RD] 0.25 per 1000 individuals, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -1.69 to 2.18). Using the same stratified data to calculate the sample size required to prove or disprove an association between use of LABA with mandatory ICS and adverse outcomes, assuming the RD is exactly 0.25 and ignoring the 95% CI which includes 0.0 or even a negative risk, such a study is both logistically and scientifically impossible. A new study is not practicable, nor is one needed in the light of current analyses of existing data. It is time to learn from the past, to rigorously avoid LABA monotherapy in asthma, and to use LABA (when indicated) always in mandatory combination with appropriate doses of ICS.
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对联合长效β-2激动剂和糖皮质激素吸入治疗哮喘的评价
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