怀孕早期戒烟妇女中的自然早产和小于胎龄儿:前瞻性队列研究
2009/05/22
目的:比较怀孕早期戒烟妇女和妊娠期不吸烟或戒烟妇女的妊娠结局。
设计:前瞻性队列研究。
地点:新西兰奥克兰和澳大利亚阿德莱德。
人群:2504例来自妊娠终点筛选研究(SCOPE)小组入选的吸烟水平为15 (+/-1)周的未经产妇。
主要终点:自然早产和小于胎龄儿(出生体重小于10个标准百分比)。在校正人口统计学和临床危险因素后,使用logistic回归模型比较戒烟和非吸烟,以及目前吸烟和戒烟孕妇之间的相对风险。
结果:80%(n=1992)为不吸烟妇女,10% (n=261)戒烟,另10% (n=251)目前仍吸烟。不吸烟孕妇和已戒烟的孕妇自然流产(4%, n=88 vs. 4%, n=10; 1.03, l0.49-2.18; P=0.66)和小于胎龄儿的发生率无差异(10%, n=195 vs.10%, n=27; 校正OR=1.06, 95% CI,0.67- 1.68; P=0.8),与已戒烟的孕妇相比,目前仍吸烟的妇女自然流产(10%, n=25vs.4%, n=10; 3.21, 1.42-7.23; P=0.006)和小于胎龄儿的发生率显著升高(17%, n=42vs.10%,n=27; 1.76, 1.03- 3.02; P=0.03)。
结论:怀孕15周之前戒烟的女性其自然流产和小于胎龄儿出生的发生率与不吸烟女性无差别,提示如果在怀孕早期戒烟,吸烟的严重不良后果可逆转。
(林江涛 审校)
BMJ. 2009 Mar 26;338:b1081. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1081.
Spontaneous preterm birth and small for gestational age infants in women who stop smoking early in pregnancy: prospective cohort study.
McCowan LM, Dekker GA, Chan E, Stewart A, Chappell LC, Hunter M, Moss-Morris R, North RA; SCOPE consortium.
OBJECTIVES: To compare pregnancy outcomes between women who stopped smoking in early pregnancy and those who either did not smoke in pregnancy or continued to smoke.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.
SETTING: Auckland, New Zealand and Adelaide, Australia.
PARTICIPANTS: 2504 nulliparous women participating in the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study grouped by maternal smoking status at 15 (+/-1) week’s gestation.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Spontaneous preterm birth and small for gestational age infants (birth weight <10th customised centile). We compared odds of these outcomes between stopped smokers and non-smokers, and between current smokers and stopped smokers, using logistic regression, adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors.
RESULTS: 80% (n=1992) of women were non-smokers, 10% (n=261) had stopped smoking, and 10% (n=251) were current smokers. We noted no differences in rates of spontaneous preterm birth (4%, n=88 v 4%, n=10; adjusted odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval l0.49 to 2.18; P=0.66) or small for gestational age infants (10%, n=195 v 10%, n=27; 1.06, 0.67 to 1.68; P=0.8) between non-smokers and stopped smokers. Current smokers had higher rates of spontaneous preterm birth (10%, n=25 v 4%, n=10; 3.21, 1.42 to 7.23; P=0.006) and small for gestational age infants (17%, n=42 v 10%, n=27; 1.76, 1.03 to 3.02; P=0.03) than stopped smokers.
CONCLUSION: In women who stopped smoking before 15 weeks’ gestation, rates of spontaneous preterm birth and small for gestational age infants did not differ from those in non-smokers, indicating that these severe adverse effects of smoking may be reversible if smoking is stopped early in pregnancy.
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母亲在孕早期戒烟与出生后子代4年内的体重状态:前瞻性队列研究
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