户外空气污染物水平增加与哮喘患儿支气管扩张能力下降有关
2009/05/27
背景:户外空气污染物水平增加与哮喘患者使用急救吸入性药物次数增加有关。然而,上述现象是否可以通过“空气污染介导的呼吸道症状严重程度增加”或“空气污染物降低了短效β受体激动剂(SABA)的作用”来解释尚不清楚。
方法:我们在85名7~12岁有户外污染空气暴露史的儿童中,研究使用SABA后的第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)的变化百分比。户外空气污染暴露采用二氧化氮(NO2)臭氧(O3)以及空气悬浮颗粒(颗粒的空气动力学直径小于2.5 mum [pm(2.5)])来定性。上述污染指标数据来源于儿童家庭或学校5 km活动范围内的墨西哥城自动监测网。
结果:同1天NO2四分位数增加10 ppb与FEV1对SABA反应下降有关(- 15% [95% CI -29, -0.5])。若考虑前3天的NO2水平,该相关性仍存在显著性差异。前5天O3四分位数增加16 ppb与FEV1对SABA反应下降有关(- 11%; [95 CI%: -23, - 1])。pm(2.5) 四分位数增加(14 mug/m3)与FEV1对SABA的反应下降无关。吸入激素治疗的儿童中未观察到上述相关性。
结论:研究结果显示,近期NO2和O3暴露降低了哮喘患者支气管对SABA的扩张反应。NO2与FEV1对SABA反应之间的关系有助于深入理解户外空气污染水平与哮喘控制之间的关系。
(卫生部中日友好医院呼吸内科 苏楠 审校)
Hernández-Cadena L, et al. Chest. 2009 Mar 24. [Epub ahead of print]
Increased Levels of Outdoor Air Pollutants Are Associated With Reduced Bronchodilation in Children With Asthma.
Background:Increased outdoor air pollution levels are associated with more frequent use of rescue inhalers in subjects with asthma. However, it is unknown whether this phenomenon is explained by air pollution-mediated increase respiratory symptom severity or whether air pollutants decreases the efficacy of short-acting beta agonists (SABA).
Methods:We examined the relationship between the percent change in FEV(1) (Forced exhalation volume in the first second) after SABA use with outdoor air pollution exposure in 85 children with asthma from ages 7 to 12. Outdoor air pollution exposure was determined using nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), ozone (O(3)) and fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 mum [pm(2.5)]). These measurements were obtained from the Mexico City Automated Monitoring Network from network sites located within a 5 Km radius to each child’s home and school.
Results:We found that a same-day interquartile increase of 10 ppb in NO(2) was associated with a reduced response of FEV(1) to SABA (- 15% [95% CI -29, -0.5]). This association was also significant when considering NO2 levels in each of the preceding 3 days. An interquartile ozone increase (16 ppb) in the preceding fifth day was associated with a reduced response to SABA (- 11%; [95 CI%: -23, - 1]); An interquartile pm(2.5) (14 mug/m(3)) increase was not associated with any significant reductions in the response to SABA. These associations were not observed in children taking inhaled corticosteroids.
Conclusion:Our results suggest that recent exposure to NO(2) and possibly O(3) may reduce the response to SABA in producing bronchodilation in children with asthma. The association between NO(2) and FEV(1) response to SABA may have important implications in understanding how outdoor air pollution levels relate to asthma control.
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