呼吸治疗师提供的家庭哮喘疾病管理计划在改善临床结局和降低护理费用中的作用:随机对照试验
2009/05/27
背景和目的:哮喘管理计划(AMP)能减少中-重度哮喘患者的医疗费用和改善临床结局。但是,对于哪些患者最应该接受干预和采用哪种措施最为有效上不清楚。该研究的目的在于比较呼吸治疗师(RTs)提供的家庭AMP、护士(RNs)提供的AMP、以及医生办公室或诊所提供的常规护理(UC)的有效性。
方法:入急诊科(ED)或因哮喘加重入院的18~64岁的哮喘患者随机分为3组:AMP-RT、AMP-RN 或 UC。AMP的两组患者给予每周5次家庭随访,并对患者进行评价和指导;UC组患者被要求回到医生那里进行常规随访。6个月后对结果进行评价,包括:住院治疗、住院天数、住院治疗费用、ED次数和费用、就诊次数、肺功能、症状、健康相关的生活质量(HRQOL)、哮喘发作自评评分(AESM)、环境评价和患者满意度(PS)。使用Neuman-Keuls的方差分析比较差异性,采用意向处理多变量分析。
结果:纳入159例患者,组间年龄、性别、肺功能或HRQOL(SF-36和St.George’s呼吸问卷)无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在第6个月,相比UC组患者,两组AMP患者(AMP-RN n = 54; AMP-RT n = 46)住院治疗、住院天数、住院治疗费用均明显减少,HRQOL的体格变化评分(PCS)和PS则明显改善。AMP-RT组比UC组具有更好的PEFR、SGRQ总体和SGRQ症状改变评分;AMP-RN组比UC组则在AESM和PS评分方面显著改善。
结论:呼吸治疗医师提供的家庭哮喘管理计划是一种有效的措施,在倾向于哮喘加重的患者中能减少患者的住院治疗、住院天数、费用,并改善HRQOL和PS的测量值。
(苏楠 审校)
Shelledy DC, et al. J Asthma. 2009 Mar;46(2):194-201.
A randomized, controlled study to evaluate the role of an in-home asthma disease management program provided by respiratory therapists in improving outcomes and reducing the cost of care.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Asthma management programs (AMP) may reduce costs and improve outcomes in patients with moderate to severe asthma. However, it is not known which personnel are best able to deliver such interventions and what settings are most effective. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an in-home AMP provided by respiratory therapists (RTs) to an AMP provided by nurses (RNs) and to usual care (UC) provided in physician offices or clinics.
METHODS: Subjects (age 18-64) who had been admitted to the emergency department (ED) or hospital for acute asthma exacerbation were randomized to three groups: AMP-RT, AMP-RN or UC. The AMP groups received five (5) weekly home visits to provide assessment and instruction; the UC group was instructed to return to their physician for routine follow-up. Outcomes assessed at 6 months included hospitalizations, in patient days, hospitalization cost, ED visits and cost, clinic visits, pulmonary function, symptoms, health related quality of life (HRQOL), asthma episode self-management score (AESM), environmental assessment, and patient satisfaction (PS). Variables were compared using ANOVA with a Neuman-Keuls follow-up for multiple comparisons using an intent-to-treat approach.
RESULTS: Upon enrollment, (n = 159) there were no differences (p > .05) between groups for age, gender, pulmonary function or HRQOL (SF-36 and St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire - SGRQ). At 6 months, both AMP groups (AMP-RN n = 54; AMP-RT n = 46) had significantly fewer (p < 0.05) hospitalizations and in-patient days, lower hospitalization costs, and greater HRQOL physical component summary change scores (PCS) and PS than UC (n = 59). AMP-RT also had greater PEFR, SGRQ Total and SGRQ Symptoms change scores when compared to UC and significantly better AESM and PS scores as compared to AMP-RN and UC.
CONCLUSIONS: An in-home asthma management program can be effectively delivered by respiratory therapists and may reduce hospitalizations, in-patient days, cost and improve measures of HRQOL and PS in a population prone to asthma exacerbation.
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儿童哮喘治疗中影响初级保健医生和看护人员协调性的因素
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