哮喘联盟

    背景：中国大陆哮喘和鼻炎患者变应原的流行病学尚不清楚。
    目的：研究中国大陆因呼吸道过敏性疾病（如哮喘和/或鼻炎）入呼吸科就诊的患者中变态反应的发生率。同时研究中国患者中变应原的发生率和形式在地区和年度上的差异。
    方法：对来自中国4个不同地区17个城市的6304名哮喘和/或鼻炎患者进行横断面研究。所有患者完成标准的有关呼吸性和过敏性症状发生率的问卷调查。此外，对患者进行13种普通过敏原的皮肤点刺试验。
    结果：结6304名患者中，4545（72.1%）名患者至少有一项皮肤点刺试验阳性。粉尘螨、屋尘螨、热带无爪螨、美洲蟑螂、狗、小蜚蠊、艾草、猫、豚草、混合霉菌I、混合霉菌IV、混合青草花粉和混合树木花粉皮肤点刺阳性反应总体发生率分别为：59.0%，57.6%，40.7%，16.1%，14.0%，11.5%，11.3% ，10.3%，6.5%，6.3%，4.4%，3.5%，2.2%。对普通变应原的致敏作用随着地理区域的变化而变化，经年龄组分层显示，哮喘和/或鼻炎患者的变应原有其独特形式。鼻炎和哮喘的严重程度分别与艾草、豚草和屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带无爪螨反应的皮肤指数相关（P < 0.001）。对试验变应原的阳性反应及对多种变应原（包括屋尘螨和热带无爪螨）的伴随反应在哮喘和鼻炎患者中显著增加。
    结论：屋尘螨是中国哮喘和/鼻炎患者最常见的变应原。不同区域、不同年龄以及哮喘和/或鼻炎患者，变应原的致敏作用也不一样。

（苏楠 审校）
Li J, et al. Allergy. 2009 Feb 10. [Epub ahead of print]

A multicentre study assessing the prevalence of sensitizations in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis in China.

Background: The prevalence of sensitization in patients with asthma and rhinitis in mainland China remains unclear.
Objective: Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of allergy in patients with respiratory allergic diseases such as asthma and/or rhinitis attending respiratory clinics within mainland China. The study also investigated regional and annual differences in the prevalence and pattern of sensitization among the patients in China.
Method: A cross-sectional survey was performed in 6304 patients suffering from asthma and/or rhinitis in 17 cities from 4 regions of China. Patients completed a standardized questionnaire asking for the presence of respiratory and allergic symptoms. They also underwent skin prick tests with 13 common aeroallergens.
Results: Among the 6304 patients, 4545 (72.1%) had at least one positive skin prick reaction. The overall prevalence of positive skin prick responses was 59.0% for Dermatophagoides farinae, 57.6% for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 40.7% for Blomia tropicalis, 16.1% for American cockroach, 14.0% for dog, 11.5% for Blatella germanica, 11.3% for Artemisia vulgaris, 10.3% for cat, 6.5% for Ambrosia artemisifolia, 6.3% for mixed mould I, 4.4% for mixed mould IV, 3.5% for mixed grass pollen and 2.2% for mixed tree pollen. Sensitizations to common allergens varied widely between geographical areas and demonstrated unique pattern in patients by stratification with age groups, with asthma and/or rhinitis. Severity of rhinitis and asthma was significantly correlated with skin index of reactivity to Artemisia vulgaris, Ambrosia artemisifolia and to D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Blomia tropicalis respectively (P < 0.001). Positive reactivity to the tested allergens and concomitant reactivity to multiple allergens including to house dust mites and Blomia tropicalis was markedly increased in patients with both asthma and rhinitis.
Conclusion: House dust mites were the most prevalent allergens in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis in China. There were significant differences in patterns of sensitizations in patients from different geographical areas, age groups as well as asthma and/or rhinitis.