冠状动脉心脏病患者短期戒烟的危险组和预测因子
2012/07/05
摘要
目的：吸烟的心血管患者中，基于社会认知，寻找存在风险的亚组患者，同时评价出院后短期戒烟的预测因子。
方法：133名吸烟的心血管患者在入院时和出院后1个月完成问卷调查。基于吸烟相关社会认知评分，采用分层聚类分析寻找吸烟危险亚组。采用回归分析，寻找出院1个月后戒烟动机和戒烟的预测因子。
结果：在不吸烟的利弊、不吸烟的自我效能期望、社会支持、社会建模和吸烟行为上，3个吸烟组具有显著的差异。小组成员身份和较强的戒烟意愿能预测出院1个月后的戒烟。前期心血管疾病住院能显著降低戒烟的可能性。
结论：由于吸烟有害、疾病史和较差的社会认知，1/3的心血管患者存在出院后继续吸烟的高风险。对心血管疾病患者的干预应该阐述上述风险因素，以获得长期的戒断。有必要讨论护理实践在戒烟中的作用。
目的：吸烟的心血管患者中，基于社会认知，寻找存在风险的亚组患者，同时评价出院后短期戒烟的预测因子。
方法：133名吸烟的心血管患者在入院时和出院后1个月完成问卷调查。基于吸烟相关社会认知评分，采用分层聚类分析寻找吸烟危险亚组。采用回归分析，寻找出院1个月后戒烟动机和戒烟的预测因子。
结果：在不吸烟的利弊、不吸烟的自我效能期望、社会支持、社会建模和吸烟行为上，3个吸烟组具有显著的差异。小组成员身份和较强的戒烟意愿能预测出院1个月后的戒烟。前期心血管疾病住院能显著降低戒烟的可能性。
结论：由于吸烟有害、疾病史和较差的社会认知，1/3的心血管患者存在出院后继续吸烟的高风险。对心血管疾病患者的干预应该阐述上述风险因素，以获得长期的戒断。有必要讨论护理实践在戒烟中的作用。
（陈欣 审校）
Heart Lung. 2012 Apr 23. [Epub ahead of print]
Heart Lung. 2012 Apr 23. [Epub ahead of print]
Source
Department of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
Department of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify risk groups among smoking cardiac patients from their social cognitive profiles, and to assess predictors of smoking abstinence shortly after discharge.
METHODS: Smoking cardiac patients (n = 133) completed questionnaires at hospital admission and 1 month after discharge. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to detect risk groups of smokers, based on baseline scores for smoking-related social cognitions. Regression analyses were used to identify predictors of the intention to abstain from smoking and smoking abstinence 1 month after discharge.
RESULTS: Three groups of smokers were distinguished that differed significantly on the pros of nonsmoking, self-efficacy expectancies toward nonsmoking, social support, social modeling, and smoking behavior. Abstinence from smoking 1 month after discharge was predicted by group membership and a stronger intention to quit. A previous hospital admission because of a cardiac event significantly decreased the likelihood of abstinence.
CONCLUSIONS: One third of cardiac patients are at high risk of continuing smoking after hospital discharge because of an unfavorable smoking and disease history and a poor social cognitive profile. Interventions for cardiac patients should address risk profiles to achieve long-term abstinence. The implications of nursing practices in smoking cessation treatments are discussed.
Heart Lung. 2012 Apr 23. [Epub ahead of print]
