柏林医学生的吸烟习惯、对吸烟的了解以及对戒烟咨询的态度
2010/07/06
摘要
背景：在世界范围内，与吸烟有关的疾病是过早死亡的最主要原因，无论发达国家还是发展中国家都是如此。在预防医学领域，与其他措施相比，戒烟能显著改善人类健康，延长寿命。当前的医学生将会在未来烟草使用的预防和控制中起到重要作用。
方法：2007年对德国柏林5年制医学生进行横断面、自填式、匿名调查，研究医学生中吸烟的发生率。对这些医学生目前有关烟草依赖的了解以及戒烟方法的有效性进行调查。同时研究医学生对戒烟咨询以及促进戒烟方法的觉能力进行研究。研究对象为来自258名医学生的问卷调查（回复率86.6%）。
结果：1/4的受调查医学生为当前吸烟者。女性吸烟率为22.1％，男性吸烟率为32.4％。这些学生低估了吸烟相关死亡率及吸烟对寿命的负面影响。相当大一部分学生错误的认为，尼古丁能导致冠心病。学生对戒烟方法有效性的总体了解不足。仅有1/3的学生认为，有能力为患者进行烟草依赖方面的相关咨询。
结论：本研究中的医学生存在对吸烟的了解和咨询技能缺乏，每个医学院校的课程设置中需包括与烟草有关的课程。因此，通过对医学生进行尼古丁依赖干预措施方面的全面培训，有助于为吸烟者戒烟提供更为专业的专家咨询。
(刘国梁 审校)
Kusma B, et al. J Occup Med Toxicol.2010 Apr 16;5(1):9. [Epub ahead of print]
Berlin’s medical students’ smoking habits, knowledge about smoking and attitudes toward smoking cessation counseling.
Kusma B, Quarcoo D, Vitzthum K, Welte T, Mache S, Meyer-Falcke A, Groneberg DA, Raupach T.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diseases associated with smoking are a foremost cause of premature death in the world, both in developed and developing countries. Eliminating smoking can do more to im-prove health and prolong life than any other measure in the field of preventive medicine. To-day’s medical students will play a prominent role in future efforts to prevent and control to-bacco use.
METHODS: A cross-sectional, self-administered, anonymous survey of fifth-year medical stu-dents in Berlin, Germany was conducted in November 2007. The study explored the preva-lence of smoking among medical students. We assessed their current knowledge regarding tobacco dependence and the effectiveness of smoking cessation methods. Students’ perceived competence to counsel smokers and promote smoking cessation treatments was also explored. Analyses were based on responses from 258 students (86.6% response rate).
RESULTS: One quarter of the medical students surveyed were current smokers. The smoking rate was 22.1% among women, 32.4% among men. Students underestimated smoking-related mortality and the negative effect of smoking on longevity. A considerable number of subjects erroneously assumed that nicotine causes coronary artery disease. Students’ overall knowledge of the effectiveness of smoking cessation methods was inadequate. Only one third of the students indicated that they felt qualified to counsel patients about tobacco dependence.
CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals serious deficiencies in knowledge and counseling skills among medical students in our sample. The curriculum of every medical school should include a to-bacco module. Thus, by providing comprehensive training in nicotine dependence interven-tions to medical students, smokers will have access to the professional expertise they need to quit smoking.
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PAS研究：评价基于网络的多项个性化戒烟项目和护理人员个性化戒烟咨询在戒烟过程中的有效性的随机对照试验
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烟草使用：牙医团队在戒烟中的作用
