吸烟者焦点调节理论
2010/04/13
焦点调节理论（RFT; Higgins, 1997）有助阐述戒烟动机。RTF显示，个体可被激励，接近于所期望的终极状态（如：肺容量改善）和/或避免不希望的终极状态（如：疾病）。这些动机分别称为促进焦点和预防焦点，人们以此来完成期望和践行职责。根据RTF，按照个体调节焦点构建的吸烟相关信息应该比那些非个性化的信息更有效。本试验旨在吸烟者中prime促进焦点和预防焦点，检测priming是否影响对吸烟相关叙述的记忆。
我们期望，对于回忆反应方法策略的素材，促进焦点环境下的参与者表现好于预防焦点环境下的参与者，而对于回忆描述回避相关片段时，预防焦点环境下的参与者得分较高。然而结果并不支持上述假设。参与者在回忆描述吸烟和戒烟片段以及方法和回避策略上存在相互作用。当个体目标是通过吸烟来回避不希望的状态时，参与者回忆吸烟片段表现较好，但个体目标接近期望状态时，参与者回忆戒烟片段表现较好。焦点调节理论怎样用于成人吸烟者有待进一步研究。
（陈欣 审校）
Addict Behav. 2010 Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print]
Manipulating regulatory focus in cigarette smokers.
Friedman-Wheeler DG, Rizzo-Busack H, McIntosh E, Ahrens AH, Haaga DA.
Department of Psychology, Goucher College, 1021 Dulaney Valley Rd., Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
Regulatory focus theory (RFT; Higgins, 1997) may help to address the issue of motivation in cigarette smoking cessation. RFT suggests that individuals may be motivated to approach desired end-states (e.g., improved lung capacity) and/or avoid undesired end-states (e.g., illness). These motivations are referred to as promotion focus, in which people attempt to achieve their aspirations, and prevention focus, in which people are motivated to live up to responsibilities. According to RFT, smoking-related messages framed to match an individual’s regulatory focus should be more effective than those that do not match. The current study attempted to prime promotion and prevention focus in a sample of cigarette smokers, to determine if priming impacts memory for smoking-related narratives. We expected that participants in the promotion-focus condition would outperform those in the prevention-focus condition on recall of materials reflecting approach strategies, whereas those in the prevention-focus condition would score better on recall of vignettes depicting avoidance. This hypothesis was not supported. There was, however, a significant interaction between participants’ recall of vignettes depicting smoking vs. abstaining and approach vs. avoidance strategies, such that participants recalled smoking vignettes better when the described-person’s goal was smoking to avoid an undesired state and recalled abstaining vignettes better when the target’s goal was to approach a desired state. Further research into how regulatory focus theory may apply to adult cigarette smokers is warranted.
Addict Behav. 2010 Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print]
我们期望，对于回忆反应方法策略的素材，促进焦点环境下的参与者表现好于预防焦点环境下的参与者，而对于回忆描述回避相关片段时，预防焦点环境下的参与者得分较高。然而结果并不支持上述假设。参与者在回忆描述吸烟和戒烟片段以及方法和回避策略上存在相互作用。当个体目标是通过吸烟来回避不希望的状态时，参与者回忆吸烟片段表现较好，但个体目标接近期望状态时，参与者回忆戒烟片段表现较好。焦点调节理论怎样用于成人吸烟者有待进一步研究。
（陈欣 审校）
Addict Behav. 2010 Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print]
Manipulating regulatory focus in cigarette smokers.
Friedman-Wheeler DG, Rizzo-Busack H, McIntosh E, Ahrens AH, Haaga DA.
Department of Psychology, Goucher College, 1021 Dulaney Valley Rd., Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
Regulatory focus theory (RFT; Higgins, 1997) may help to address the issue of motivation in cigarette smoking cessation. RFT suggests that individuals may be motivated to approach desired end-states (e.g., improved lung capacity) and/or avoid undesired end-states (e.g., illness). These motivations are referred to as promotion focus, in which people attempt to achieve their aspirations, and prevention focus, in which people are motivated to live up to responsibilities. According to RFT, smoking-related messages framed to match an individual’s regulatory focus should be more effective than those that do not match. The current study attempted to prime promotion and prevention focus in a sample of cigarette smokers, to determine if priming impacts memory for smoking-related narratives. We expected that participants in the promotion-focus condition would outperform those in the prevention-focus condition on recall of materials reflecting approach strategies, whereas those in the prevention-focus condition would score better on recall of vignettes depicting avoidance. This hypothesis was not supported. There was, however, a significant interaction between participants’ recall of vignettes depicting smoking vs. abstaining and approach vs. avoidance strategies, such that participants recalled smoking vignettes better when the described-person’s goal was smoking to avoid an undesired state and recalled abstaining vignettes better when the target’s goal was to approach a desired state. Further research into how regulatory focus theory may apply to adult cigarette smokers is warranted.
Addict Behav. 2010 Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print]
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