患肺和头颈部恶性肿瘤的吸烟者和近期戒烟者中与戒烟相关的因素
2011/12/26
摘要
前言:肿瘤患者戒烟对于改善预后具有重要意义。了解肿瘤患者中与戒烟相关的因素,能为开发改善戒烟的新措施提供方法。本试验旨在肿瘤患者中寻找戒烟转归的决定因素。
方法:通过标准化问卷调查收集163名吸烟者或近期戒烟者(戒烟≤6个月)的数据,其中分别有132名和121名受试者在3个月和6个月时再次收集数据。通过检测尿液可替宁和一氧化碳含量来验证戒烟。采用描述性统计法、Cronbach a系数、Pearson相关、Fisher精确检验和多变量logistic回归进行分析。
结果:7天的点戒断率(PPA)在3个月时为68%(90/132),在肺癌患者为65%(46/71),在头颈部恶性肿瘤为72%(44/61)。而7天的PPA率在6个月为61%(74/121),在肺癌患者为53%(31/58),头颈部恶性肿瘤患者为68%(43/63)。持续戒断率在3个月为71%(63/89),肺癌患者为71%(32/45),头颈部恶性肿瘤患者为70%(31/44)。持续戒断率在6个月时为52%(46/89),肺癌患者为40%(18/45),头颈部恶性肿瘤为64%(28/44)。单变量分析显示,较少肿瘤相关、心理学和尼古丁撤退症状与3个月和6个月7-D-PPA增加有关。多变量模型显示,吸烟渴望下降与3个月的7-D-PPA相关,吸烟渴望下降和自我效能增加与6个月7-D-PPA相关。吸烟渴望下降是与6个月持续戒断相关的唯一因素。
结论:虽然已有诸多药物治疗用于戒烟,肺癌和头颈部恶性肿瘤患者的吸烟转归在过去20年内仍然未见显著变化。吸烟欲望下降和自我效能增加是与戒烟转归改善相关的2个重要因素,但症状控制在最佳管理中同样具有重要作用。采用联合和/或高剂量的药物治疗,同时给予行为干预,能增加自我效能和改善症状,从而提高戒断率。
(林江涛 审校)
Lung Cancer. 2011 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print]
Factors associated with smoking abstinence among smokers and recent-quitters with lung and head and neck cancer.
Cooley ME, Wang Q, Johnson BE, Catalano P, Haddad RI, Bueno R, Emmons KM.
Source
Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, LW-521, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Smoking cessation among cancer patients is critical for improving outcomes. Understanding factors associated with smoking abstinence after the diagnosis of cancer can provide direction to develop and test interventions to enhance cessation rates. The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of smoking outcomes among cancer patients.
METHODS: Standardized questionnaires were used to collect data from 163 smokers or recent-quitters (quit≤6 months) at study entry of which 132 and 121 had data collected at 3 and 6 months. Biochemical verification was conducted with urinary cotinine and carbon monoxide. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha coefficients, Pearson correlations, Fisher’s exact test, and multivariable logistic regression were used for analyses.
RESULTS: Seven-day-point-prevalence-abstinence (PPA) rates were 90/132 (68%) at 3 months; 46/71 (65%) among lung and 44/61 (72%) among head and neck cancer patients, whereas 7-day-PPA rates were 74/121 (61%) at 6 months; 31/58 (53%) among lung and 43/63 (68%) among head and neck cancer patients. Continuous abstinence rates were 63/89 (71%) at 3 months; 32/45 (71%) among lung and 31/44 (70%) among head and neck cancer patients, whereas continuous abstinence rates were 46/89 (52%) at 6 months; 18/45 (40%) among lung and 28/44 (64%) among head and neck cancer patients. Lower cancer-related, psychological and nicotine withdrawal symptoms were associated with increased 7-D-PPA abstinence rates at 3 and 6 months in univariate models. In multivariable models, however, decreased craving was significantly related with 7-day-PPA at 3 months and decreased craving and increased self-efficacy were associated with 7-D-PPA at 6 months. Decreased craving was the only factor associated with continuous abstinence at 6 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Smoking outcomes among lung and head and neck cancer patients appear to have remained the same over the last two decades despite the availability of an increased number of pharmacotherapy options to treat tobacco dependence. Decreased craving and increased self-efficacy were the most consistent factors associated with improved smoking outcomes but symptom control may also play a role in optimal management. Use of combined, and/or higher doses of pharmacotherapy along with behavioral interventions that increase self-efficacy and manage symptoms may promote enhanced cessation rates.
Lung Cancer. 2011 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print]
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初级临床护理机构采用包括戒烟建议和肺量计信息的动机干预措施的戒烟效果:ESPITAP研究
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酒精依赖的吸烟者在恢复早期进行强化干预:随机试验