戒烟的自我效能是吸烟行为变化的原因还是表现
2011/11/22
摘要
社会学习理论认为，自我效能是行为变化的一个原因。然而，近期行为理论研究则认为，自我效能评级能反应，而不是导致行为变化。为了研究上述两个不同的观点，将自我效能与次日的实际戒烟相联系（自我效能导致变化），同时1天的戒断状态作为次日戒烟额定自我效能的一个预测因素（自我效能反应变化）。所有数据来自于两个相似的交叉研究，这些研究评价安慰剂和药物【尼古丁贴剂（n = 209）和瓦伦尼克林（n = 123））】戒烟的短期疗效。安慰剂和主动药物治疗期之间隔有任意时长的吸烟洗脱期，对前一天的戒断和自我效能价值进行控制后再进行分析。两项研究的结果非常相似，即显示一致的双向相关性：每日的自我效能能预测次日的戒断，当日的戒断状态能预测次日戒断的自我效能。然而，两项研究中，次要因素对戒断的预测存在差异，次要因素在预测自我效能上的差异较前者稍小。虽然自我效能仅能预测短期的戒断，但本研究结果支持上述有关吸烟行为变化的社会学习理论和行为理论。然而，由于自我效能长期以来被认为是导致行为变化（包括戒烟）的原因，自我效能可否作为近期戒烟行为变化的一个表现还需要有更多的戒烟相关临床研究证实。
（陈欣 审校）
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011 Sep 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Is self-efficacy for smoking abstinence a cause of, or a reflection on, smoking behavior change?
Perkins KA, Parzynski C, Mercincavage M, Conklin CA, Fonte CA.
Abstract
Social learning theory considers self-efficacy as a causal factor in behavior change. However, in line with behavioral theory, recent clinical research suggests self-efficacy ratings may reflect, rather than cause, behavior change. To test these two disparate views, self-efficacy was related to actual smoking abstinence on the next day (i.e., self-efficacy causes change), and abstinence status over 1 day was tested as a predictor of rated self-efficacy for quitting the next day (i.e., reflects change). All data were from two similar crossover studies evaluating the short-term effects of both placebo versus medication, nicotine patch (n = 209) or varenicline (n = 123), on smoking abstinence during week-long practice quit attempts. Placebo and active medication periods were separated by an ad lib smoking washout, and analyses were controlled for prior-day’s abstinence or self-efficacy values. Results were very consistent between studies in showing essentially bidirectional associations: daily self-efficacy predicted next-day’s abstinence, and current-day’s abstinence status predicted self-efficacy for abstinence the next day. However, secondary factors differentially predicted abstinence and, to a lesser extent, self-efficacy, between these two medication studies. These data provide some support for both social learning and behavioral theories of smoking behavior change, although self-efficacy may only briefly predict subsequent short periods of abstinence as assessed in these studies. Nonetheless, because self-efficacy has long been assumed to cause behavior change, including smoking cessation, the notion of self-efficacy as a reflection of recent smoking behavior change in these studies warrants greater attention in clinical research on smoking cessation treatment.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011 Sep 12. [Epub ahead of print]
社会学习理论认为，自我效能是行为变化的一个原因。然而，近期行为理论研究则认为，自我效能评级能反应，而不是导致行为变化。为了研究上述两个不同的观点，将自我效能与次日的实际戒烟相联系（自我效能导致变化），同时1天的戒断状态作为次日戒烟额定自我效能的一个预测因素（自我效能反应变化）。所有数据来自于两个相似的交叉研究，这些研究评价安慰剂和药物【尼古丁贴剂（n = 209）和瓦伦尼克林（n = 123））】戒烟的短期疗效。安慰剂和主动药物治疗期之间隔有任意时长的吸烟洗脱期，对前一天的戒断和自我效能价值进行控制后再进行分析。两项研究的结果非常相似，即显示一致的双向相关性：每日的自我效能能预测次日的戒断，当日的戒断状态能预测次日戒断的自我效能。然而，两项研究中，次要因素对戒断的预测存在差异，次要因素在预测自我效能上的差异较前者稍小。虽然自我效能仅能预测短期的戒断，但本研究结果支持上述有关吸烟行为变化的社会学习理论和行为理论。然而，由于自我效能长期以来被认为是导致行为变化（包括戒烟）的原因，自我效能可否作为近期戒烟行为变化的一个表现还需要有更多的戒烟相关临床研究证实。
（陈欣 审校）
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011 Sep 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Is self-efficacy for smoking abstinence a cause of, or a reflection on, smoking behavior change?
Perkins KA, Parzynski C, Mercincavage M, Conklin CA, Fonte CA.
Abstract
Social learning theory considers self-efficacy as a causal factor in behavior change. However, in line with behavioral theory, recent clinical research suggests self-efficacy ratings may reflect, rather than cause, behavior change. To test these two disparate views, self-efficacy was related to actual smoking abstinence on the next day (i.e., self-efficacy causes change), and abstinence status over 1 day was tested as a predictor of rated self-efficacy for quitting the next day (i.e., reflects change). All data were from two similar crossover studies evaluating the short-term effects of both placebo versus medication, nicotine patch (n = 209) or varenicline (n = 123), on smoking abstinence during week-long practice quit attempts. Placebo and active medication periods were separated by an ad lib smoking washout, and analyses were controlled for prior-day’s abstinence or self-efficacy values. Results were very consistent between studies in showing essentially bidirectional associations: daily self-efficacy predicted next-day’s abstinence, and current-day’s abstinence status predicted self-efficacy for abstinence the next day. However, secondary factors differentially predicted abstinence and, to a lesser extent, self-efficacy, between these two medication studies. These data provide some support for both social learning and behavioral theories of smoking behavior change, although self-efficacy may only briefly predict subsequent short periods of abstinence as assessed in these studies. Nonetheless, because self-efficacy has long been assumed to cause behavior change, including smoking cessation, the notion of self-efficacy as a reflection of recent smoking behavior change in these studies warrants greater attention in clinical research on smoking cessation treatment.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011 Sep 12. [Epub ahead of print]
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延迟戒烟是否与戒烟成功率较低相关
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