青少年暴露于苯并酮类紫外线吸收剂：与肥胖、心脏代谢生物标志物及哮喘/过敏之间的横断面关联——基于六项欧洲生物监测研究
2025/06/27
摘要
背景：苯并酮-1（BP-1）和苯并酮-3（BP-3）作为个人护理产品中广泛使用的紫外线吸收剂，其暴露已被认为可能与不良健康结局相关。然而，流行病学证据仍有限且结论不一致，尤其是在青少年等易感人群中。本研究旨在探讨BP-1与BP-3浓度与欧洲青少年肥胖、心脏代谢生物标志物以及哮喘/过敏结局之间的关系，并评估是否存在性别特异性关联。
方法：本研究为多国横断面研究，基于欧洲人类生物监测计划（HBM4EU）中六项协调一致的研究数据进行汇总分析。通过问卷收集社会人口学信息、心脏代谢生物标志物以及哮喘/过敏相关信息。共纳入1339名受试者，测量其人体测量指标并计算BMI z评分。心脏代谢生物标志物与哮喘/过敏相关数据在173至594人的子样本中获得。尿液中BP-1与BP-3浓度分别通过传统肌酐校正法（trad.）和协变量调整肌酐标准化法（CAS）进行校正。分析方法包括广义加性模型、线性、逻辑回归和多项式混合模型，并检验性别交互作用。
结果：尿液中BP-3（CAS）浓度每自然对数单位增加，整体人群中肥胖风险升高（OR：1.20；95% CI：1.04–1.38）。在男性青少年中，BP-1（CAS）与BP-3（CAS）浓度与肥胖风险升高显著相关（分别为OR：1.25；95% CI：1.01–1.55 和 OR：1.34；95% CI：1.09–1.65）。线性混合模型分析结果与更高的BMI z评分一致。在女性中，BP-1（CAS）浓度与血清脂联素水平呈负相关（每loge单位增加的百分比变化：-3.73；95% CI：-7.32，-0.10）。BP-3（CAS）浓度也与男性中非食物性过敏的较高风险相关（OR：1.27；95% CI：1.00–1.63）。传统肌酐调整方法所得结果与CAS方法相似，或稍有减弱。
结论：BP-1与BP-3暴露与欧洲男性青少年肥胖的发生具有横断面关联性，强调了更新相关法规、尽可能降低暴露水平的必要性。需开展纵向研究以进一步验证本研究发现。
Adolescent exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet filters: cross-sectional associations with obesity, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and asthma/allergy in six European biomonitoring studies
Peinado, F. M., Pérez-Cantero, A., Olivas-Martínez, A., Espín-Moreno, L., de Haro, T., Boada, L. D., Rodríguez-Carrillo, A., Govarts, E., Pedraza-Díaz, S., Esteban-López, M., Blaha, L., Blahova, L., Janasik, B., Wasowicz, W., Lignell, S., Rambaud, L., Riou, M., Fillol, C., Denys, S., Murawski, A., … Mustieles, V
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Exposure to benzophenone-1 (BP-1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3), widely used as UV filters in personal care products, has been associated with adverse health effects. However, epidemiological evidence is limited and inconclusive, particularly in vulnerable populations such as teenagers. To examine the relation between BP-1 and BP-3 concentrations and obesity, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and asthma/allergy outcomes in European teenagers, including possible sex-specific associations.
METHODS:A multi-country cross-sectional study was conducted using pooled data from six aligned studies from the Human Biomonitoring for Europe Initiative (HBM4EU). Sociodemographic data, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and asthma/allergy outcomes were collected through questionnaires. Anthropometric data and BMI z-scores were calculated (n = 1339). Plasma/serum cardiometabolic biomarkers and asthma/allergy outcomes were available for a subsample (n = 173-594). Urinary BP-1 and BP-3 concentrations were adjusted for creatinine dilution using the traditional standardization (trad.) and the covariate-adjusted creatinine standardization (CAS) method. Generalized additive models, linear, logistic, and multinomial mixed models were applied, and sex-interaction terms were tested.
RESULTS:Each natural log-unit increase in urinary BP-3 (CAS) concentrations was associated with higher odds of obesity in the whole population (OR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.04-1.38). Sex-specific associations were also found with BP-1 (CAS) and BP-3 (CAS) concentrations, which were associated with higher odds of obesity in male teenagers (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.01-1.55; OR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.09-1.65, respectively). Linear mixed models showed consistent findings toward higher BMI z-scores. A negative association was found between BP-1 (CAS) concentration and serum adiponectin levels in females (% change per loge-unit increase: -3.73, 95%CI: -7.32, -0.10). BP-3 (CAS) concentrations were also associated with higher odds of non-food allergies in males (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.00-1.63). Traditional creatinine adjustment showed similar or slightly attenuated estimates compared to the CAS method.
CONCLUSION:BP-1 and BP-3 exposure was cross-sectionally associated with higher odds of obesity in European male teenagers, highlighting the need to update regulations and keep exposure levels as low as practically achievable. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.
背景：苯并酮-1（BP-1）和苯并酮-3（BP-3）作为个人护理产品中广泛使用的紫外线吸收剂，其暴露已被认为可能与不良健康结局相关。然而，流行病学证据仍有限且结论不一致，尤其是在青少年等易感人群中。本研究旨在探讨BP-1与BP-3浓度与欧洲青少年肥胖、心脏代谢生物标志物以及哮喘/过敏结局之间的关系，并评估是否存在性别特异性关联。
方法：本研究为多国横断面研究，基于欧洲人类生物监测计划（HBM4EU）中六项协调一致的研究数据进行汇总分析。通过问卷收集社会人口学信息、心脏代谢生物标志物以及哮喘/过敏相关信息。共纳入1339名受试者，测量其人体测量指标并计算BMI z评分。心脏代谢生物标志物与哮喘/过敏相关数据在173至594人的子样本中获得。尿液中BP-1与BP-3浓度分别通过传统肌酐校正法（trad.）和协变量调整肌酐标准化法（CAS）进行校正。分析方法包括广义加性模型、线性、逻辑回归和多项式混合模型，并检验性别交互作用。
结果：尿液中BP-3（CAS）浓度每自然对数单位增加，整体人群中肥胖风险升高（OR：1.20；95% CI：1.04–1.38）。在男性青少年中，BP-1（CAS）与BP-3（CAS）浓度与肥胖风险升高显著相关（分别为OR：1.25；95% CI：1.01–1.55 和 OR：1.34；95% CI：1.09–1.65）。线性混合模型分析结果与更高的BMI z评分一致。在女性中，BP-1（CAS）浓度与血清脂联素水平呈负相关（每loge单位增加的百分比变化：-3.73；95% CI：-7.32，-0.10）。BP-3（CAS）浓度也与男性中非食物性过敏的较高风险相关（OR：1.27；95% CI：1.00–1.63）。传统肌酐调整方法所得结果与CAS方法相似，或稍有减弱。
结论：BP-1与BP-3暴露与欧洲男性青少年肥胖的发生具有横断面关联性，强调了更新相关法规、尽可能降低暴露水平的必要性。需开展纵向研究以进一步验证本研究发现。
(中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科 沈焜路 摘译 林江涛 审校)
（Environ Res. 2025 Sep 1; DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121912）
Adolescent exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet filters: cross-sectional associations with obesity, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and asthma/allergy in six European biomonitoring studies
Peinado, F. M., Pérez-Cantero, A., Olivas-Martínez, A., Espín-Moreno, L., de Haro, T., Boada, L. D., Rodríguez-Carrillo, A., Govarts, E., Pedraza-Díaz, S., Esteban-López, M., Blaha, L., Blahova, L., Janasik, B., Wasowicz, W., Lignell, S., Rambaud, L., Riou, M., Fillol, C., Denys, S., Murawski, A., … Mustieles, V
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Exposure to benzophenone-1 (BP-1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3), widely used as UV filters in personal care products, has been associated with adverse health effects. However, epidemiological evidence is limited and inconclusive, particularly in vulnerable populations such as teenagers. To examine the relation between BP-1 and BP-3 concentrations and obesity, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and asthma/allergy outcomes in European teenagers, including possible sex-specific associations.
METHODS:A multi-country cross-sectional study was conducted using pooled data from six aligned studies from the Human Biomonitoring for Europe Initiative (HBM4EU). Sociodemographic data, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and asthma/allergy outcomes were collected through questionnaires. Anthropometric data and BMI z-scores were calculated (n = 1339). Plasma/serum cardiometabolic biomarkers and asthma/allergy outcomes were available for a subsample (n = 173-594). Urinary BP-1 and BP-3 concentrations were adjusted for creatinine dilution using the traditional standardization (trad.) and the covariate-adjusted creatinine standardization (CAS) method. Generalized additive models, linear, logistic, and multinomial mixed models were applied, and sex-interaction terms were tested.
RESULTS:Each natural log-unit increase in urinary BP-3 (CAS) concentrations was associated with higher odds of obesity in the whole population (OR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.04-1.38). Sex-specific associations were also found with BP-1 (CAS) and BP-3 (CAS) concentrations, which were associated with higher odds of obesity in male teenagers (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.01-1.55; OR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.09-1.65, respectively). Linear mixed models showed consistent findings toward higher BMI z-scores. A negative association was found between BP-1 (CAS) concentration and serum adiponectin levels in females (% change per loge-unit increase: -3.73, 95%CI: -7.32, -0.10). BP-3 (CAS) concentrations were also associated with higher odds of non-food allergies in males (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.00-1.63). Traditional creatinine adjustment showed similar or slightly attenuated estimates compared to the CAS method.
CONCLUSION:BP-1 and BP-3 exposure was cross-sectionally associated with higher odds of obesity in European male teenagers, highlighting the need to update regulations and keep exposure levels as low as practically achievable. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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