艾蒿花粉是空气中内毒素的主要载体
2018/11/02
摘要
背景：革兰氏阴性菌释放的内毒素（脂多糖，LPS）引起强烈的免疫和炎症反应，并且当空气传播时可能导致过敏性哮喘等呼吸疾病。本文旨在确定空气中内毒素的来源和这种内毒素对过敏致敏的影响。
方法：我们在慕尼黑（德国）和达沃斯（瑞士）连续4年在室外空气中测定LPS。采样空气中的颗粒物质PM>10μm和10μm>PM>2.5μm。用重组因子C（rFC）测定法测定LPS。
结果：在PM>10μm颗粒中检测到超过60％的年度内毒素暴露表明细菌不作为独立单元或聚集体气溶胶，而是粘附到大颗粒物质上。在慕尼黑，6月12日至8月28日期间检测到70％的年度内毒素暴露。多变量模型显示内毒素水平可以通过物候参数即植物生长来解释。实际上，空气中内毒素水平高的天数与空气中的艾蒿花粉量相关。从整个欧洲（100个地点）收集的植物花粉显示，艾蒿花粉中检测到最高水平的内毒素，而其他花粉中几乎没有。微生物组分析显示艾蒿花粉上的LPS浓度与假单胞菌属和泛菌属的存在有关。在过敏性疾病的小鼠模型中，艾蒿花粉上的LPS被用于过敏致敏。
结论：空气中大多数内毒素仅来自一种植物的花粉分散的细菌：艾蒿。这种脂多糖是引起肺部炎症和过敏性致敏的重要因素。
Artemisia pollen is the main vector for airborne endotoxin.
Oteros J, Bartusel E, Alessandrini F, Núñez A, Moreno DA, Behrendt H, Schmidt-Weber C, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Buters J.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) released from Gram-negative bacteria causes strong immunologic and inflammatory effects and when airborne may contribute to respiratory conditions such as allergic asthma. To identify the source of airborne endotoxin and the effect of this endotoxin on allergic sensitization.
METHODS:We determined LPS in outdoor air on a daily basis for 4 consecutive years in Munich (Germany) and Davos (Switzerland). Air was sampled as Particulate Matter PM>10μm and 10>PM>2.5. LPS was determined using the recombinant Factor C (rFC) assay.
RESULTS:Over 60% of the annual endotoxin exposure was detected in the PM>10 fraction showing that bacteria do not aerosolize as independent units or aggregates, but adhered to large particles. In Munich 70% of the annual exposure was detected between June 12th and August 28th. Multivariate modelling showed that endotoxin levels could be explained by phenological parameters i.e. plant growth. Indeed, days with high airborne endotoxin levels correlated well with the amount of Artemisia pollen in the air. Pollen collected from plants across Europe (100 locations) showed that the highest levels of endotoxin were detected on Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) pollen, with little on other pollen. Microbiome analysis showed that LPS concentrations on mugwort pollen were related to the presence of Pseudomonas spp. and Pantoea spp. communities. In a mouse model of allergic disease, the presence of LPS on mugwort pollen was needed for allergic sensitization.
CONCLUSIONS:The majority of airborne endotoxin stems from bacteria dispersed with pollen of only one plant: mugwort. This LPS was essential for inducing inflammation of the lung and allergic sensitization.
背景：革兰氏阴性菌释放的内毒素（脂多糖，LPS）引起强烈的免疫和炎症反应，并且当空气传播时可能导致过敏性哮喘等呼吸疾病。本文旨在确定空气中内毒素的来源和这种内毒素对过敏致敏的影响。
方法：我们在慕尼黑（德国）和达沃斯（瑞士）连续4年在室外空气中测定LPS。采样空气中的颗粒物质PM>10μm和10μm>PM>2.5μm。用重组因子C（rFC）测定法测定LPS。
结果：在PM>10μm颗粒中检测到超过60％的年度内毒素暴露表明细菌不作为独立单元或聚集体气溶胶，而是粘附到大颗粒物质上。在慕尼黑，6月12日至8月28日期间检测到70％的年度内毒素暴露。多变量模型显示内毒素水平可以通过物候参数即植物生长来解释。实际上，空气中内毒素水平高的天数与空气中的艾蒿花粉量相关。从整个欧洲（100个地点）收集的植物花粉显示，艾蒿花粉中检测到最高水平的内毒素，而其他花粉中几乎没有。微生物组分析显示艾蒿花粉上的LPS浓度与假单胞菌属和泛菌属的存在有关。在过敏性疾病的小鼠模型中，艾蒿花粉上的LPS被用于过敏致敏。
结论：空气中大多数内毒素仅来自一种植物的花粉分散的细菌：艾蒿。这种脂多糖是引起肺部炎症和过敏性致敏的重要因素。
(中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科 王瑞茵 摘译 林江涛 审校)
(J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Jul 13. pii: S0091-6749(18)30999-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.040. [Epub ahead of print])
(J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Jul 13. pii: S0091-6749(18)30999-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.040. [Epub ahead of print])
Artemisia pollen is the main vector for airborne endotoxin.
Oteros J, Bartusel E, Alessandrini F, Núñez A, Moreno DA, Behrendt H, Schmidt-Weber C, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Buters J.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) released from Gram-negative bacteria causes strong immunologic and inflammatory effects and when airborne may contribute to respiratory conditions such as allergic asthma. To identify the source of airborne endotoxin and the effect of this endotoxin on allergic sensitization.
METHODS:We determined LPS in outdoor air on a daily basis for 4 consecutive years in Munich (Germany) and Davos (Switzerland). Air was sampled as Particulate Matter PM>10μm and 10>PM>2.5. LPS was determined using the recombinant Factor C (rFC) assay.
RESULTS:Over 60% of the annual endotoxin exposure was detected in the PM>10 fraction showing that bacteria do not aerosolize as independent units or aggregates, but adhered to large particles. In Munich 70% of the annual exposure was detected between June 12th and August 28th. Multivariate modelling showed that endotoxin levels could be explained by phenological parameters i.e. plant growth. Indeed, days with high airborne endotoxin levels correlated well with the amount of Artemisia pollen in the air. Pollen collected from plants across Europe (100 locations) showed that the highest levels of endotoxin were detected on Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) pollen, with little on other pollen. Microbiome analysis showed that LPS concentrations on mugwort pollen were related to the presence of Pseudomonas spp. and Pantoea spp. communities. In a mouse model of allergic disease, the presence of LPS on mugwort pollen was needed for allergic sensitization.
CONCLUSIONS:The majority of airborne endotoxin stems from bacteria dispersed with pollen of only one plant: mugwort. This LPS was essential for inducing inflammation of the lung and allergic sensitization.
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