长期吸食大麻者和吸烟者认知、行为和精神健康状态分析
2018/01/15
摘要
大麻中毒有害健康，然而长期吸食大麻者短期戒断长期影响如何尚不明确。本配对、交叉研究比较相比较正常人群，长期吸食大麻者和长期仅吸烟者对于健康的影响。
方法：14名长期（平均使用时间32.3年，平均年龄55.7岁）、戒断（15小时）吸食大麻者和16名长期吸烟者（平均烟龄37.1年，平均年龄52.9岁），根据年龄、教育程度和既往烟草消费程度进行配对，比较学习和记忆能力，反应抑制，信息处理，持续注意力和执行能力以及精神和身体状态。
结果：吸食大麻者整体学习能力明显更差，记忆延迟、抗干扰能力较吸烟者更差；较正常人群记忆能力更差。抑制和执行力控制各组间基本相似，但吸食大麻者在信息处理和持续注意力方面反应更慢。吸食大麻者较吸烟者身体状态满意度更好，包括心理、体感和健康状态，与正常人相比具有相似的精神和身体状态，而吸烟者则压力更大，情感问题更多，且身体状态满意度更差。
结论：除了短期戒断以外，长期吸食大麻会导致部分认知功能缺失，因此进行干预可以改善认知行为。仅吸烟则会导致精神和身体状况变差，这些需要进一步研究中采取合适的控制措施。
Cognitive, physical, and mental health outcomes between long-term cannabis and tobacco users.
Addict Behav. 2017 Dec 9;79:178-188. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.009. [Epub ahead of print]
Lovell ME, Bruno R, Johnston J, Matthews A, McGregor I, Allsop DJ, Lintzeris N.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:Cannabis intoxication adversely affects health, yet persistent effects following short-term abstinence in long-term cannabis users are unclear. This matched-subjects, cross-sectional study compared health outcomes of long-term cannabis and long-term tobacco-only users, relative to population norms.
METHODS:Nineteen long-term (mean 32.3years of use, mean age 55.7years), abstinent (mean 15h) cannabis users and 16 long-term tobacco users (mean 37.1years of use, mean age 52.9years), matched for age, educational attainment, and lifetime tobacco consumption, were compared on measures of learning and memory, response inhibition, information-processing, sustained attention, executive control, and mental and physical health.
RESULTS:Cannabis users exhibited poorer overall learning and delayed recall and greater interference and forgetting than tobacco users, and exhibited poorer recall than norms. Inhibition and executive control were similar between groups, but cannabis users had slower reaction times during information processing and sustained attention tasks. Cannabis users had superior health satisfaction and psychological, somatic, and general health than tobacco users and had similar mental and physical health to norms whilst tobacco users had greater stress, role limitations from emotional problems, and poorer health satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS:Long-term cannabis users may exhibit deficits in some cognitive domains despite short-term abstinence and may therefore benefit from interventions to improve cognitive performance. Tobacco alone may contribute to adverse mental and physical health outcomes, which requires appropriate control in future studies.
大麻中毒有害健康，然而长期吸食大麻者短期戒断长期影响如何尚不明确。本配对、交叉研究比较相比较正常人群，长期吸食大麻者和长期仅吸烟者对于健康的影响。
方法：14名长期（平均使用时间32.3年，平均年龄55.7岁）、戒断（15小时）吸食大麻者和16名长期吸烟者（平均烟龄37.1年，平均年龄52.9岁），根据年龄、教育程度和既往烟草消费程度进行配对，比较学习和记忆能力，反应抑制，信息处理，持续注意力和执行能力以及精神和身体状态。
结果：吸食大麻者整体学习能力明显更差，记忆延迟、抗干扰能力较吸烟者更差；较正常人群记忆能力更差。抑制和执行力控制各组间基本相似，但吸食大麻者在信息处理和持续注意力方面反应更慢。吸食大麻者较吸烟者身体状态满意度更好，包括心理、体感和健康状态，与正常人相比具有相似的精神和身体状态，而吸烟者则压力更大，情感问题更多，且身体状态满意度更差。
结论：除了短期戒断以外，长期吸食大麻会导致部分认知功能缺失，因此进行干预可以改善认知行为。仅吸烟则会导致精神和身体状况变差，这些需要进一步研究中采取合适的控制措施。
（上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院呼吸与危重症医学科 周剑平 万欢英 摘译）
（Addict Behav. 2017 Dec 9;79:178-188. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.009. [Epub ahead of print]）
（Addict Behav. 2017 Dec 9;79:178-188. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.009. [Epub ahead of print]）
Cognitive, physical, and mental health outcomes between long-term cannabis and tobacco users.
Addict Behav. 2017 Dec 9;79:178-188. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.009. [Epub ahead of print]
Lovell ME, Bruno R, Johnston J, Matthews A, McGregor I, Allsop DJ, Lintzeris N.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:Cannabis intoxication adversely affects health, yet persistent effects following short-term abstinence in long-term cannabis users are unclear. This matched-subjects, cross-sectional study compared health outcomes of long-term cannabis and long-term tobacco-only users, relative to population norms.
METHODS:Nineteen long-term (mean 32.3years of use, mean age 55.7years), abstinent (mean 15h) cannabis users and 16 long-term tobacco users (mean 37.1years of use, mean age 52.9years), matched for age, educational attainment, and lifetime tobacco consumption, were compared on measures of learning and memory, response inhibition, information-processing, sustained attention, executive control, and mental and physical health.
RESULTS:Cannabis users exhibited poorer overall learning and delayed recall and greater interference and forgetting than tobacco users, and exhibited poorer recall than norms. Inhibition and executive control were similar between groups, but cannabis users had slower reaction times during information processing and sustained attention tasks. Cannabis users had superior health satisfaction and psychological, somatic, and general health than tobacco users and had similar mental and physical health to norms whilst tobacco users had greater stress, role limitations from emotional problems, and poorer health satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS:Long-term cannabis users may exhibit deficits in some cognitive domains despite short-term abstinence and may therefore benefit from interventions to improve cognitive performance. Tobacco alone may contribute to adverse mental and physical health outcomes, which requires appropriate control in future studies.
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