美国德克萨斯州东部不同人群之中环境空气污染和哮喘的患病率之间的联系
2016/05/31
摘要
空气污染因其对人体健康的不利影响一直是研究热点。然而，其对哮喘患病率在不同年龄组、性别和种族中具体的影响还不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是研究2010年美国德克萨斯东部不同人群在选定的空气污染物和哮喘患病率之间的相互关联。污染物被认为是颗粒物（PM2.5，气动直径小于2.5微米）和地面臭氧。
调查人群按照年龄、性别、和种族进行分类。县域哮喘出院数据分为不同年龄、性别和种族，均来自于德克萨斯州卫生服务部，监督、评估和研究办公室“德克萨斯哮喘控制计划”。年度平均的空气污染物从美国环境保护局（美国环境保护局）的空气质量系统数据集中获得。进行皮尔森相关分析来研究污染物年平均浓度和不同年龄、性别和种族的哮喘出院率之间的关系。结果表明，哮喘出院率（ADR）和空气污染物暴露之间没有显著相关。研究显示PM2.5和ADR之间显示正相关，ADR和臭氧在大多数情况下显示负相关。这些相关在统计学上没有显著性，但如果考虑到当地天气情况也能更好地解释。研究结果有助于识别控制最易受影响的人群暴露于空气污染、防止或减少健康的影响的热点。
（杨冬审校）
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Mar 29;13(4). pii: E378. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13040378.
Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Asthma Prevalence in Different Population Groups Residing in Eastern Texas, USA.
Gorai AK1, Tchounwou PB2, Tuluri F3.
Author information
Abstract
Air pollution has been an on-going research focus due to its detrimental impact on human health. However, its specific effects on asthma prevalence in different age groups, genders and races are not well understood. Thus, the present study was designed to examine the association between selected air pollutants and asthma prevalence in different population groups during 2010 in the eastern part of Texas, USA.The pollutants considered were particulate matter (PM2.5 with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micrometers) and surface ozone. The population groups were categorized based on age, gender, and race. County-wise asthma hospital discharge data for different age, gender, and racial groups were obtained from TexasAsthma Control Program, Office of Surveillance, Evaluation and Research, Texas Department of State Health Services. The annual means of the air pollutants were obtained from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)'s air quality system data mart program. Pearson correlation analyzes were conducted to examine the relationship between the annual mean concentrations of pollutants and asthma discharge rates (ADR) for different age groups, genders, and races. The results reveal that there is no significant association or relationship between ADR and exposure of air pollutants (PM2.5, and O₃). The study results showed a positive correlation between PM2.5 and ADR and a negative correlation between ADR and ozone in most of the cases. These correlations were not statistically significant, and can be better explained by considering the local weather conditions. The research findings facilitate identification of hotspots for controlling the most affected populations from further environmental exposure to air pollution, and for preventing or reducing the health impacts.
KEYWORDS:Texas; USA; age; air pollution; asthma; gender; race
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Mar 29;13(4). pii: E378. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13040378.
