哮喘联盟

   摘要
   目的：本研究通过分析哮喘孕妇孕前膳食模式，来评估孕妇膳食与孕期哮喘控制的关系。
   设计：本横断面研究中，回顾性地收集了孕妇孕前食物频率相关数据。哮喘控制情况依据全球哮喘防治创议(GINA)进行评估。运用因子分析法得出膳食模式。通过二元Logistic回归分析来评价哮喘控制不佳与每种膳食模式(Z值)之间的关系，采用OR值及95% CI来表示。
   地点：2009年5月至2013年7月，澳大利亚阿德莱德三级医院的产前门诊。
   对象：158例哮喘孕妇。
   结果：三种膳食模式分类如下：(i)“高蛋白/水果”（膳食中含有丰富的鱼、猪肉、鸡肉及水果）；(ii)“高脂/糖/外卖食物”（膳食中含有较多的外卖食物、薯片及细粮）；(iii)“素食”（膳食中含有丰富的蔬菜、水果、豆浆及全谷物）。高脂/糖/外卖食物的膳食模式中，Z值增加1sd（标准差）与哮喘控制不佳风险升高有关（校正OR=1.54，95% CI：1.07 - 2.23；p = 0.022）。哮喘控制不佳的女性(n = 115)饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、碳水化合物、糖和纤维的能量校正摄入量高于哮喘控制良好的女性（n = 43，p值均≤ 0.05）。
   结论：孕前膳食模式影响着孕期哮喘控制情况。本研究进一步强调了孕前低饱和脂肪酸、低糖和少食外卖，以及丰富瘦肉、禽类、鱼类和水果、蔬菜和全谷物的健康膳食的重要性。鼓励所有育龄期的哮喘女性选择健康的膳食模式，尤其是孕前和孕后更应注重合理健康饮食。

 

（杨冬 审校）
Public Health Nutr. 2016 Feb;19(2):332-8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015001226. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
 

Asthma control in pregnancy is associated with pre-conception dietary patterns.
 

Grieger JA1, Grzeskowiak LE1, Wood LG2, Clifton VL1.
 

Abstract
OBJECTIVE:To examine pre-conception dietary patterns in pregnant asthmatic women and to identify associations between maternal diet and asthma control during pregnancy.
DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. Pre-conception food frequency data were collected retrospectively. Asthma control was assessed using the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis.Binary logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between uncontrolled asthma and each dietary pattern (Z-score), with values presented as odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval.
SETTING:Antenatal clinic in a tertiary hospital, Adelaide, Australia, May 2009-July 2013.
SUBJECTS:One hundred and fifty-eight asthmatic pregnant women.
RESULTS:Three dietary patterns were identified: (i) 'high protein/fruit' (strong food group loadings for fish, meat, chicken, fruit); (ii) 'high fat/sugar/takeaway' (takeaway foods, crisps, refined grains); and (iii) 'vegetarian-type' (vegetables, fruit, soya milk, whole grains). A 1 sd increase in score on the high fat/sugar/takeaway pattern was associated with increased likelihood of uncontrolled asthma (adjusted OR=1•54; 95 % CI 1•07, 2•23; P=0•022). Women with uncontrolled asthma (n 115) had higher energy-adjusted intakes of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, carbohydrate, sugar and fibre compared with women with controlled asthma (n 43, all P≤0•05).
CONCLUSIONS:Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns may influence maternal asthma control. Our work highlights the importance of achieving a healthy diet before pregnancy that is low in saturated fat, sugar and takeaway foods, and therefore higher in lean meats, poultry and fish, as well as fruits, vegetables and whole grains. A healthy dietary pattern should be encouraged in all asthmatic women who are of childbearing age, and should additionally be promoted before pregnancy and beyond.
 

Public Health Nutr. 2016 Feb;19(2):332-8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015001226. Epub 2015 Apr 24.