哮喘联盟

   摘要
   已有研究表明，哮喘发病与主要空气污染物密切相关。然而，年龄是否是空气污染相关哮喘发病的易感因素，尚无该方面的研究。本研究旨在评估美国亚特兰大（1993-2009年）、达拉斯（2006-2009年）、圣路易斯（2001-2007年）的哮喘急诊就医情况与空气中臭氧(O3)、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化氮(NO2)、二氧化硫(SO2)及细颗粒物(PM2.5)的短期关系，并根据不同的年龄（0-4岁、5-18岁、19-39岁、40-64岁及65岁以上）进行分层分析城市特异性的每日时间序列。亚组分析则按照种族和性别进行划分。结合逆方差加权，不同城市率比（RRs）代表了各组空气污染与哮喘的总体关联性。结果显示，各年龄组之间的RRs不同，而5-18岁的儿童与所有污染物关系最为密切。根据性别和种族进行分层后，各年龄组哮喘与污染物的关联基本一致，虽然5-18岁的儿童中仅仅非白种人和男性患者显示出强关联性。本研究结果提示，年龄是空气污染导致哮喘加重的易感因素，且学龄儿童为最易感人群。
 

（杨冬 审校）
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2015 Sep 9. doi: 10.1038/jes.2015.57. [Epub ahead of print]

 

Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma: a multi-city assessment of effect modification by age.
 

Alhanti BA1, Chang HH1, Winquist A2, Mulholland JA3, Darrow LA4, Sarnat SE2.
 

Abstract
Previous studies have found strong associations between asthma morbidity and major ambient air pollutants. Relatively little research has been conducted to assess whether age is a factor conferring susceptibility to air pollution-related asthma morbidity. We investigated the short-term relationships between asthma emergency department (ED) visits and ambient ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Atlanta (1993-2009), Dallas (2006-2009), and St. Louis (2001-2007). City-specific daily time-series analyses were conducted to estimate associations by age group (0-4, 5-18, 19-39, 40-64, and 65+ years). Sub-analyses were performed stratified by race and sex. City-specific rate ratios (RRs) were combined by inverse-variance weighting to provide an overall association for each strata. The overall RRs differed across age groups, with associations for all pollutants consistently strongest for children aged 5-18 years. The patterns of association across age groups remained generally consistent when models were stratified by sex and race, although the strong observed associations among 5-18 year olds appeared to be partially driven by non-white and male patients. Our findings suggest that age is a susceptibility factor for asthma exacerbations in response to air pollution, with school-age children having the highest susceptibility.
 

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2015 Sep 9. doi: 10.1038/jes.2015.57. [Epub ahead of print]