哮喘联盟

   摘要
   目的：本研究的目的是通过探查非拉丁美洲白人（NLW）、非洲裔美国人以及拉丁美洲家庭种族/人种差异来探索二手烟（SHS）暴露是否与哮喘相关的功能性发病率相关，以及当吸烟因素起主要作用时不同家族的种族/人种之间的SHS暴露是否存在差异。
   方法：参与者为305名护理哮喘患儿的吸烟护工。通过两个被动放射量测定器来测量二手烟暴露情况：一个测定器放在家里，另一个被患儿佩戴在身上。
   结果：SHS暴露越高，哮喘相关的功能发病率越高。非洲裔美国人比拉丁美洲(p = .003)或NLW (p = .021)的SHS暴露水平更高。通过佩戴在患儿身上的放射量测定器而估算出的SHS暴露在种族/人种之间并无差异。与拉丁美洲(79.2%)和NLW(67.9%; p < .05)相比，有家庭禁烟令的非洲裔美国人家庭更少 (46.4%)。家庭中有两个或两个以上吸烟者的非洲裔美国人(37.2%)较NLW更少(53.6%; p < .05)。NLW每日吸烟量(Mdn = 15.00)较拉丁美洲(Mdn = 10.00; p = .001)和非洲裔美国人(Mdn = 10.00; p < .001)更大。SHS的家庭暴露水平与种族/人种回归相关并且是相关的协变量。家庭禁烟令(p < .001)和家里仅有一位吸烟者(p = .005)与家里的低SHS暴露水平相关；SHS暴露水平与种族/人种无显著相关性。
   结论：哮喘患儿中的跨种族/人种存在二手烟暴露差异很可能是由于家庭禁烟令的存在以及家庭中吸烟者数量的差异而导致的。


 

(苏欣 审校)
Health Psychol. 2015 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print]
 

Comparison of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Minority and Nonminority Children With Asthma.
 

Fedele DA, Tooley E, Busch A, McQuaid EL, Hammond SK, Borrelli B.
 

Abstract
OBJECTIVE:This study determined if secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is related to asthma-related functional morbidity by examining racial/ethnic differences in non-Latino White (NLW), African American, and Latino families and whether racial/ethnic SHS exposure differences across families persist when accounting for smoking factors.
METHODS:Participants were 305 caregiver smokers of children with asthma. Two passive dosimeters measured secondhand smoke: one in the home and one worn by the child.
RESULTS:Higher SHS exposure was related to greater asthma-related functional morbidity. African Americans had higher levels of home SHS exposure than did Latinos (p = .003) or NLWs (p = .021). SHS exposure as assessed by the child-worn dosimeter did not differ across race/ethnicity. African American families were less likely to report a household smoking ban (46.4%) compared to Latinos (79.2%) and NLWs (67.9%; p < .05). African Americans were less likely to report having two or more smokers in the home (37.2%) compared to NLWs (53.6%; p < .05). NLWs reported the highest number of cigarettes smoked daily (Mdn = 15.00) compared to Latinos (Mdn = 10.00; p = .001) and African Americans (Mdn = 10.00; p < .001). SHS home exposure levels were regressed on race/ethnicity and relevant covariates. Household smoking ban (p < .001) and only one smoker in the home (p = .005) were associated with lower levels of SHS in the home; race/ethnicity was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS:Differences in SHS exposure across race/ethnicity exist among children with asthma, possibly due to differential presence of a household smoking ban and number of smokers in the home.
 

Health Psychol. 2015 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print]