哮喘联盟

   摘要
   目的：本研究旨在评估为儿童/青少年哮喘患者提供的训练课程对病程和自我效能感的影响。
   方法：本项前瞻性研究由实验组和对照组组成。研究对象为托卡特省保健中心近期使用吸入治疗的10～18岁儿童/青少年哮喘患者。将研究样本分为对照组和实验组（各40例）。采用哮喘患儿信息表、疾病评估表、呼气峰值流速评估表和儿童/青少年哮喘患者自我效能感等级对研究结果的数据进行收集。采用配对t-检验、McNemar检验和独立样本t-检验对数据进行统计分析。
   结果：实验组进行训练后，平均自我效能感评分显著升高。对于对照组，试验性训练与哮喘症状的减少、日常功能受限的减少和运动后低发作频率相关。实验组的儿童/青少年对哮喘发作症状更敏感，定期使用预防药物和急救药物，缺课率更低，急诊访视的次数更少(p < 0.05)。实验组的平均呼气峰值流速为62.5%。训练后，实验组发作次数明显减少，增加吸入剂量的需要明显降低。
   结论：研究结果表明训练课程能提高儿童/青少年的自我效能感并改善哮喘症状。护理人员应该提供该训练课程以便于为儿童/青少年哮喘发作时提供支持，和鼓励自我效能感的发展。
 

（杨冬 审校）
J Asthma. 2015 May 15:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]

 

Impact of symptom management training among asthmatic children and adolescents on self-efficacy and disease course.
 

Cevik Guner U1, Celebioglu A.
 

Abstract
PURPOSE:The study was conducted to examine the effect of a training program provided to asthmatic children/adolescents on disease course and self-efficacy.
METHODS:This prospective study consisted of both experimental and control subjects. The study population was composed of children/adolescents aged 10-18 years, who presented at Health Centers within Tokat province with asthma and who were currently using inhaler treatments. The study sample included 40 patients each in both the control and experimental groups. Asthmatic Child Information Form, Disease Evaluation Form, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Evaluation Form and an Asthmatic Child/Adolescent Self-Efficacy Scale were used to collect data on research outcomes. Data were statistically analyzed with paired sample t-test, McNemar's test, independent samples t-test.
RESULTS:A significant increase in mean self-efficacy score was observed in the experimental group following training sessions. The experimental training was also associated with a reduction in asthma symptoms, less limitations to daily function and fewer attacks following physical activity relative to the control subjects. The children/adolescents in the experimental group were more conscious of the symptoms of asthma attacks and used preventive and rescue medications regularly, and reported fewer absences from school and fewer emergency room visits (p < 0.05). The average peak expiratory flow rate was 62.5% in the experimental group. After training, there were significant decreases in the number of attacks and the need of increasing inhaler doses in the experimental group.
CONCLUSIONS:The study results show that the training program is effective in increasing self-efficacy and improving asthma symptoms among children/adolescents. Nurses should offer the training program to support children/adolescents during asthma attacks, and encourage the development of self-efficacy.
 

J Asthma. 2015 May 15:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]