哮喘联盟

   摘要
   在过去的几十年，哮喘和过敏性疾病，如过敏性鼻炎和湿疹，越来越普遍，但是导致其发病率增加的原因仍不明确。很显然单纯基因突变并不足以解释观察到的变化；环境改变、生活方式和饮食习惯的改变似乎加速了发病率的增长，在某些情况下加重了疾病严重程度。由于人们近来对无所不在的环境污染物（包括可生成氧化剂的化学物质）暴露和其对人们呼吸道及免疫系统影响的认知和关注，这一点变得更加显著。确实，多个流行病研究发现：多个危险因子（包括环境污染气体和悬浮颗粒），参与过敏性疾病的发生和恶化。但是具体发挥作用的污染物仍不明确，它们之间的因果关系也不明了。近期在细胞和动物模型中的研究发现多个可能的机制，其中普遍认同的机制是颗粒成分对活性氧（ROS）的生成及其引起的氧化应激和炎症反应有直接影响。本篇综述旨在强调实验发现，尤其关注在暴露-疾病关系研究中悬浮颗粒（PMs）暴露引发疾病的几个主要机制。
 

（杨冬 审校）
J Thorac Dis. 2015 Jan;7(1):23-33. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.13.
 

Mechanistic impact of outdoor air pollution on asthma and allergic diseases.
 

Huang SK1, Zhang Q1, Qiu Z1, Chung KF1.
 

ABSTRACT
Over the past decades, asthma and allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and eczema, have become increasingly common, but the reason for this increased prevalence is still unclear. It has become apparent that genetic variation alone is not sufficient to account for the observed changes; rather, the changing environment, together with alterations in lifestyle and eating habits, are likely to have driven the increase in prevalence, and in some cases, severity of disease. This is particularly highlighted by recent awareness of, and concern about, the exposure to ubiquitous environmental pollutants, including chemicals with oxidant-generating capacities, and their impact on the human respiratory and immune systems. Indeed, several epidemiological studies have identified a variety of risk factors, including ambient pollutant gases and airborne particles, for the prevalence and the exacerbation of allergic diseases. However, the responsible pollutants remain unclear and the causal relationship has not been established. Recent studies of cellular and animal models have suggested several plausible mechanisms, with the most consistent observation being the direct effects of particle components on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resultant oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. This review attempts to highlight the experimental findings, with particular emphasis on several major mechanistic events initiated by exposure to particulate matters (PMs) in the exposure-disease relationship.
 

J Thorac Dis. 2015 Jan;7(1):23-33. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.13.