哮喘联盟

   摘要
   室外空气污染是影响世界各地市区人群呼吸系统健康的主要原因之一。由于儿童肺脏生长迅速、免疫和代谢功能不完全、通风模式和室外活动量多，他们对空气污染造成的不良影响高度敏感。儿童健康研究（CHS）是一系列连续纵向研究，始于1993年，致力于研究空气污染对幼儿期到青少年期呼吸道疾病的慢性影响。来自CHS的大量证据表明：区域环境空气和交通相关污染都与哮喘发生率升高、初发哮喘、支气管炎和喘息风险、肺功能异常和呼吸道炎症有关。这些相关性可能受参与氧化-氮化应激通路的重要基因的调控，这种调控是通过基因-环境相互作用实现的。虽然在过去40年里，人们在降低空气污染方面做出了卓有成效的努力，但现在的空气质量仍然危害着人类健康。为了进一步降低空气污染对健康的不良影响，需要对有毒污染物进行治理、控制机动车尾气排放并寻求新的燃料。在实施控制措施的同时，需要根据个体敏感性制定个性化的干预措施来保护儿童健康。
 

（杨冬 审校）
J Thorac Dis. 2015 Jan;7(1):46-58. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.20.
 

Chronic effects of air pollution on respiratory health in Southern California children: findings from the Southern California Children's Health Study.
 

Chen Z1, Salam MT1, Eckel SP1, Breton CV1, Gilliland FD1.
 

ABSTRACT
Outdoor air pollution is one of the leading contributors to adverse respiratory health outcomes in urban areas around the world. Children are highly sensitive to the adverse effects of air pollution due to their rapidly growing lungs, incomplete immune and metabolic functions, patterns of ventilation and high levels of outdoor activity. The Children's Health Study (CHS) is a continuing series of longitudinal studies that first began in 1993 and has focused on demonstrating the chronic impacts of air pollution on respiratory illnesses from early childhood through adolescence. A large body of evidence from the CHS has documented that exposures to both regional ambient air and traffic-related pollutants are associated with increased asthma prevalence, new-onset asthma, risk of bronchitis and wheezing, deficits of lung function growth, and airway inflammation. These associations may be modulated by key genes involved in oxidative-nitrosative stress pathways via gene-environment interactions. Despite successful efforts to reduce pollution over the past 40 years, air pollution at the current levels still brings many challenges to public health. To further ameliorate adverse health effects attributable to air pollution, many more toxic pollutants may require regulation and control of motor vehicle emissions and other combustion sources may need to be strengthened. Individual interventions based on personal susceptibility may be needed to protect children's health while control measures are being implemented.
 

J Thorac Dis. 2015 Jan;7(1):46-58. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.20.