哮喘联盟

   摘要
   哮喘是一种常见的慢性多因素疾病，影响着全世界超过3亿的人口。室外和室内的污染物暴露影响成人和儿童的呼吸道健康。吸烟仍是一个巨大的公共卫生问题，数百万的儿童遭受着被动烟雾暴露的有害影响。本研究旨在综述有关儿童期哮喘发病的危险因素之一被动烟雾暴露的现有证据。针对这一主题最新研究的综述旨在提供有关被动吸烟对儿童哮喘发生率风险影响强度的证据。被动吸烟影响的差异取决于个体和环境因素。环境烟草烟雾（ETS）是最重要的室内空气污染物之一，与其它空气污染物相互作用诱发童年期呼吸系统问题。产前和产后早期暴露于被动烟雾，可通过对免疫系统及肺结构和功能发育的不良影响增加儿童呼吸系统问题的风险；这可能解释了随后的哮喘发病风险增加的原因。由于暴露强度显著受到儿童日常活动的影响，因此很难精确量化。因为暴露于ETS可能是导致儿童期哮喘发病的诱因之一，所以避免婴幼儿呼吸被烟草烟雾污染的空气就变得至关重要。
 

（苏欣 审校）
Allergy Asthma Proc. 2014 Nov;35(6):454-61. doi: 10.2500/aap.2014.35.3789.


 

Smoke exposure as a risk factor for asthma in childhood: A review of current evidence.
 

Ferrante G1, Antona R, Malizia V, Montalbano L, Corsello G, La Grutta S.
 

Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic multifactorial disease that affects >300 million people worldwide. Outdoor and indoor pollution exposure has been associated with respiratory health effects in adults and children. Smoking still represents a huge public health problem and millions of children suffer the detrimental effects of passive smoke exposure. This study was designed to review the current evidences on exposure to passive smoke as a risk factor for asthma onset in childhood. A review of the most recent studies on this topic was undertaken to provide evidence about the magnitude of the effect of passive smoking on the risk of incidence of asthma in children. The effects of passive smoking are different depending on individual and environmental factors. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is one of the most important indoor air pollutants and can interact with other air pollutants in eliciting respiratory outcomes during childhood. The increased risk of respiratory outcomes in children exposed to prenatal and early postnatal passive smoke might be caused by an adverse effect on both the immune system and the structural and functional development of the lung; this may explain the subsequent increased risk of incident asthma. The magnitude of the exposure is quite difficult to precisely quantify because it is significantly influenced by the child's daily activities. Because exposure to ETS is a likely cause for asthma onset in childhood, there is a strong need to prevent infants and children from breathing air contaminated with tobacco smoke.
 

Allergy Asthma Proc. 2014 Nov;35(6):454-61. doi: 10.2500/aap.2014.35.3789.