哮喘联盟

   摘要
   综述的目的: 哮喘是一种以遗传因素和环境因素内在的相互作用为特点的复杂疾病。弄清楚基因和环境相互作用的机制是呼吸专业研究者面临的主要挑战之一。本篇综述对最近发表的有关哮喘中基因-环境（G × E）相互作用的文献进行了回顾，并特别关注了后全基因组关联研究时代（GWAS）新的方法学进展。
   最新的发现: 大部分有关哮喘病G × E相互作用的研究应用了候选基因的方法。考虑到了室外空气污染物暴露的候选基因研究表明：哮喘患儿的GSTP1基因变异主要与接触室外空气污染物存在显著的相互作用。包括一项全基因组关联研究在内的有关被动和主动吸烟的G × E研究，确定了一个新的哮喘易感基因，并且发现这些新基因与母亲吸烟具有时间依赖效应。其他有关哮喘的最近研究发现：候选基因与职业过敏原接触以及一些家庭过敏原接触（如内毒素和燃气烹饪方式）之间存在的相互作用。目前已开发出新的有效地估计评估GWAS时代G×E相互作用的方法，并且最近提出了一个以通路为基础的策略，用于为G×E研究选择一个丰富基因簇。
   总结：本综述中的G × E研究为候选基因方法如何证明利用GWAS的发现开展研究提供了一个很好的例子。

 

（苏欣 审校）
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Dec 4. [Epub ahead of print]


 

Gene-environment interactions in the study of asthma in the postgenomewide association studies era.
 

Rava M1, Smit LA, Nadif R.
 

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Asthma is a complex disease characterized by an intricate interplay of both heritable and environmental factors. Understanding the mechanisms through which genes and environment interact represents one of the major challenges for pulmonary researchers. This review provides an overview of the recently published literature on gene-environment (G × E) interactions in asthma, with a special focus on the new methodological developments in the postgenomewide association studies (GWAS) era.
RECENT FINDINGS: Most recent studies on G × E interaction in asthma used a candidate-gene approach. Candidate-gene studies considering exposure to outdoor air pollutants showed significant interactions mainly with variants in the GSTP1 gene on asthma in children. G × E studies on passive and active smoking, including one genomewide interaction study, identified novel genes of susceptibility to asthma and a time-dependent effect of maternal smoking. Other recent studies on asthma found interactions between candidate genes and occupational allergen exposure and several domestic exposures such as endotoxin and gas cooking. New methods were developed to efficiently estimate G × E interaction in GWAS, and a pathway-based strategy to select an enriched gene-set for G × E studies has recently been proposed.
SUMMARY: The G × E studies presented in this review offer a good example on how candidate-gene approaches can complement and help in validating GWAS findings.
 

Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Dec 4. [Epub ahead of print]