哮喘联盟

   摘要
   本研究对斯德哥尔摩成人哮喘、过敏和湿疹的危险因素进行了分层随机抽样研究。2005年，纳入472个多住户房屋（共10506户住宅，一个受试者/户）和7554个受试者。应用多因素logistic回归模型进行关联性分析，用性别、年龄、吸烟、出生国家、收入和入住住宅的时间进行了调整。总体来看，调查人群中11%的人被诊断为哮喘，22%被诊断为过敏，23%花粉过敏和23%诊断为湿疹。哮喘更常被诊断的环境因素是：住宅中潮湿的空气（OR =1.74）和霉菌的气味（OR =1.79）。过敏症更常被诊断的环境因素是：与供应排气通风的建筑相比只有排气（OR =1.45），重新装修（OR =1.48）和模具气味（OR =2.35）。花粉过敏症更常被诊断的环境因素是：潮湿的空气（OR =1.76）和霉菌的气味（OR =2.36），使用更多的能源用于采暖的房屋较少出现花粉过敏（OR =0.75）。湿疹更常被诊断的环境因素是：大型建筑（OR1.07），水污染（OR =1.47），潮湿的空气（OR =1.73）和霉臭（OR =2.01）；使用更多的能源用于采暖的房屋较少出现湿疹（OR =0.85）。与仅有社区管理相比，过敏的发生在社区管理和较大的行政区划与管理辅助并存的房屋发生较少见（OR =0.49;95％CI0.29-0.82）。花粉过敏症在有外包维护的房屋发生较少（OR =0.67;95％CI0.51-0.88）。在只有区域管理辅助功能的房屋湿疹的发生比较常见（OR =1.49;95％CI1.06-2.11）。结论，患有哮喘、过敏或湿疹的人居住环境特点有：使用更少的能源用于采暖、大型建筑物住宅、重新装修、霉臭、潮湿、潮湿的空气。降低室内的化学物排放和控制潮湿是非常必要的。节能减排可能对过敏和湿疹的发生产生不良影响。需要对建筑物的管理组织开展更多的流行病学研究。

 

（苏欣 审校）
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 5;9(12):e112960. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112960. eCollection 2014.

 

Asthma, Allergy and Eczema among Adults in Multifamily Houses in Stockholm (3-HE Study) - Associations with Building Characteristics, Home Environment and Energy Use for Heating.
 

Norbäck D1, Lampa E1, Engvall K1.
 

Abstract
Risk factors for asthma, allergy and eczema were studied in a stratified random sample of adults in Stockholm. In 2005, 472 multifamily buildings (10,506 dwellings) were invited (one subject/dwelling) and 7,554 participated (73%). Associations were analyzed by multiple logistic regression, adjusting for gender, age, smoking, country of birth, income and years in the dwelling. In total, 11% had doctor's diagnosed asthma, 22% doctor's diagnosed allergy, 23% pollen allergy and 23% eczema. Doctor's diagnosed asthma was more common in dwellings with humid air (OR = 1.74) and mould odour (OR = 1.79). Doctor's diagnosed allergy was more common in buildings with supply exhaust air ventilation as compared to exhaust air only (OR = 1.45) and was associated with redecoration (OR = 1.48) and mould odour (OR = 2.35). Pollen allergy was less common in buildings using more energy for heating (OR = 0.75) and was associated with humid air (OR = 1.76) and mould odour (OR = 2.36). Eczema was more common in larger buildings (OR 1.07) and less common in buildings using more energy for heating (OR = 0.85) and was associated with water damage (OR = 1.47), humid air (OR = 1.73) and mould odour (OR = 2.01). Doctor's diagnosed allergy was less common in buildings with management accessibility both in the neighbourhood and in larger administrative divisions, as compared to management in the neighbourhood only (OR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.29-0.82). Pollen allergy was less common if the building maintenance was outsourced (OR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.51-0.88). Eczema was more common when management accessibility was only at the division level (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.06-2.11). In conclusions, asthma, allergy or eczema were more common in buildings using less energy for heating, in larger buildings and in dwellings with redecorations, mould odour, dampness and humid air. There is a need to reduce indoor chemical emissions and to control dampness. Energy saving may have consequences for allergy and eczema. More epidemiological studies are needed on building management organization.
 

PLoS One. 2014 Dec 5;9(12):e112960. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112960. eCollection 2014.