哮喘联盟

   摘要
   目的：定期体育活动（PA）是儿童哮喘患者管理的重要组成。目前尚无研究从儿童视角分析学校哮喘管理对PA的影响。本研究旨在从儿童的视角出发，分析学校哮喘管理对PA的影响。
   方法：我们对来自纽约市布朗克斯区10所小学的23例市中心哮喘儿童（8－10岁，包括12个女孩和11个男孩）进行定性调查。我们一直提问直至得到采集到足够的信息。所有访谈均被录音，记录，并各自标记为相应的主题。
   结果：访谈内容主要包括5个主题：1).在学校进行PA时的哮喘症状 2).在学校进行PA时采取什么措施控制哮喘发作 3).采取什么措施预防在校哮喘发作 4).是否容易得到哮喘治疗5).对于哮喘及药物治疗是否有负面情绪。大部分学生在学校进行PA时曾哮喘发作。控制哮喘症状的主要措施包括停止活动、喝水及去医务室。学生对哮喘预防/控制方案缺乏了解、依从性也不足。学生表示在学校内享用的医疗资源非常有限，并且对在同学面前接受治疗觉得难堪和/或担心受到调侃。
   结论：研究结果显示，学校对哮喘症状的处理不当、对哮喘控制不佳、缺乏治疗药物、并且当众进行药物治疗，导致哮喘儿童感觉丢脸。因此，哮喘儿童经常不参加或被阻止参加PA。我们应找到解决这些问题的方法，以提升学校哮喘管理质量。
 

（刘国梁 审校）
J Asthma. 2014 May 6. [Epub ahead of print]

 

In-school asthma management and physical activity: children's perspectives.
 

Walker TJ1, Reznik M.
 

ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Regular physical activity (PA) is an important component of pediatric asthma management. No studies have examined how in-school asthma management influences PA from children's perspectives. The aim of this study was to explore children's perceptions of the impact of in-school asthma management on PA.
METHODS: Qualitative interviews with 23 inner-city minority children with asthma (ages 8-10 yrs; 12 girls, 11 boys) were conducted in 10 Bronx, New York elementary schools. Sampling continued until saturation was reached. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and independently coded for common themes.
RESULTS: Interviews produced five themes representing students' perceptions about 1) asthma symptoms during in-school PA; 2) methods to control asthma episodes during school PA; 3) methods to prevent asthma episodes during school; 4) limited accessibility of asthma medications; and 5) negative feelings about asthma and medication use. The majority of students experienced asthma symptoms while performing PA during school. Primary methods of managing asthma symptoms were sitting out during activity, drinking water, and visiting the nurse. Students lacked awareness or adherence to action plans to prevent or control asthma. Students reported limited access to medication during school and feelings of embarrassment and/or concerns of teasing when medicating in front of others.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate inappropriate in-school management of asthma symptoms, poor asthma control, lack of accessible medication, and stigma around publicly using asthma medication. Thus, students often missed or were withheld from PA. Interventions to improve in-school asthma care must consider ways to address these issues.
 

J Asthma. 2014 May 6. [Epub ahead of print]