哮喘联盟

   摘要
   颗粒物（PM）和它的成分被公认为是儿童出现呼吸道症状和疾病的危险因素。大多数暴露的测量都依赖于固定的室内监控器（SIMs），忽略了悬浮PM的作用。为了提高对悬浮烟雾PM的暴露特征，最近开发的方法已被采用。本研究的目的是描述房屋悬浮尘埃、早期童年对家中PM和其成分的暴露的特征，研究还对传统的SIM卡和可吸入颗粒式环保机器人（PIPER）进行了比较，这是一个创新的移动采样。这项研究旨在证明PIPER通过提高与幼儿呼吸道症状的关系，可以从可吸入颗粒物那里提供出与暴露更相关的估测。研究纳入新泽西州中部诊所的75例家中有3-59个月年龄段儿童的家庭。研究收集人口统计信息、对基于国际儿童过敏和哮喘研究（ISAAC）使用的健康调查问卷的答复以及家庭数据。通过同步SIM卡和移动（PIPER）采样，对家庭中可吸入PM（PM100）和内毒素的暴露进行测定。使用单因素和多因素进行分析，评价哮鸣音（“最近”（<1年）和“曾经”）、咳嗽、哮喘和湿疹的病史。多因素分析模型包括三分位数暴露的PM100和内毒素水平。研究对PIPER测量的对PM100的最高前三分位暴露的哮喘风险（比值比=4.2;95％可信区间0.7-24.0）与用SIM卡测量的结果进行了比较（比值比=0.7;95％可信区间0.2-2.6）。与使用SIM卡测量相比，使用PIPER 测量PM和其成分的结果与哮喘、湿疹和哮鸣音相关性更强。这种方法的应用可以有效地观察儿童早期暴露与吸入性暴露有关的儿童疾病的相关病因。
 

（苏楠 审校）
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2014 May 7. doi: 10.1038/jes.2014.27. [Epub ahead of print]

 

Improved exposure characterization with robotic (PIPER) sampling and association with children's respiratory symptoms, asthma and eczema.
 

Ramagopal M1, Wang Z2, Black K3, Hernandez M3, Stambler AA3, Emoekpere OH3, Mainelis G4, Shalat SL5.
 

ABSTRACT
Particulate matter (PM) and its constituents are recognized risk factors for the development of respiratory symptoms and illness in children. Most measurements of exposure have relied upon stationary indoor monitors (SIMs), overlooking the role of resuspended PM. To improve exposure characterization to resuspended aerosol PM, a recently developed methodology has been employed. The goal of this study was to characterize the resuspendable fraction of house dust and early childhood exposures to PM and its constituents in the child's home and compare conventional SIM and the Pre-toddler Inhalable Particulate Environmental Robotic (PIPER), an innovative mobile sampler. The study seeks to demonstrate that PIPER provides a more relevant estimate of exposure from inhalable particulate matter through improved correlation with respiratory symptoms in young children. Seventy-five households with children between 3 and 59 months of age were recruited from clinics in central New Jersey. Demographic information, and responses to a health questionnaire based upon that used by the International Study of Allergies and Asthma in Childhood (ISAAC), and household data were collected. Household exposures to inhalable PM (PM100) and endotoxin were determined with simultaneous SIM and mobile (PIPER) sampling. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out. History of wheeze ("recent" (<1 year) and "ever"), cough, asthma and eczema was evaluated. Multivariate analysis models included PM100 and endotoxin levels by tertiles of exposure. Risk of asthma for the highest tertile of PM100, as measured by PIPER (odds ratio=4.2; 95% confidence interval 0.7-24.0), was compared with measurements by SIM (odds ratio=0.7; 95% confidence interval 0.2-2.6). Measurements of PM and its constituents with PIPER are more strongly associated with asthma, eczema and wheeze compared with measurements using SIMs. Application of this methodology may provide useful insights into early childhood exposures related to the etiology of childhood illnesses associated with inhalation exposures.
 

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2014 May 7. doi: 10.1038/jes.2014.27. [Epub ahead of print]