哮喘联盟

   摘要
   目的：描述职业相关性哮喘的性别特征。
   方法：我们对以州为单位的职业相关性哮喘确诊病例的哨点监测数据进行分析，这些数据来自于1993年-2008年的加利福尼亚州、马萨诸塞州、密歇根州和新泽西州。我们采用卡方检验和费希尔精确检验比较男性和女性间的选择特征差异。
   结果：共8239例职业相关性哮喘病例纳入研究，其中60%为女性。与男性职业相关性哮喘患者相比，女性患者更可能通过工伤保险鉴定出来(14.8% vs. 10.6%)，但通过医院数据鉴定的可能性比较小(14.2% vs. 16.9%)。此外，与男性患者相比，女性患者更可能存在工作加剧性哮喘(24.4% vs. 13.5%)，但新发哮喘的可能性较小(48.0% vs. 56.5%)。女性职业相关性哮喘患者与男性患者相比，从事以下工作的可能性较大：健康与社会救助(28.7% vs. 5.2%)，教育服务(11.8% vs. 4.2%)，零售业(5.0% vs. 3.9%)，办公室和行政(20.0% vs. 4.0%)，卫生保健和技术(13.4% vs. 1.6%)，教育培训和图书馆(6.2% vs. 1.3%)。与职业相关性哮喘有关的物质，在女性中主要是各种化学物质(20.3%)，清洗材料(20.3%)，室内空气污染物(14.9%)，在男性中主要是各种化学物质(15.7%)，矿物和无机灰尘(13.2%)，热解产物(12.7%)。
   结论：在职业相关性的成人哮喘患者中，男性和女性在工作环境暴露、职业和行业方面均存在差异。在诊断和治疗职业相关性成人哮喘患者时，内科医生应该考虑到这些性别差异。
 

（刘国梁 审校）
J Asthma. 2014 Mar 27. [Epub ahead of print]

 

Gender differences in work-related asthma: surveillance data from California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey, 1993-2008.
 

White GE1, Seaman C, Filios MS, Mazurek JM, Flattery J, Harrison RJ, Reilly MJ, Rosenman KD, Lumia ME, Stephens AC, Pechter E, Fitzsimmons K, Davis LK.
 

ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To characterize work-related asthma by gender.
METHODS: We analyzed state-based sentinel surveillance data on confirmed work-related asthma cases collected from California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey during 1993-2008. We used Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test statistics to compare select characteristics between females and males.
RESULTS: Of the 8239 confirmed work-related asthma cases, 60% were female. When compared to males with work-related asthma, females with work-related asthma were more likely to be identified through workers' compensation (14.8% versus 10.6%) and less likely to be identified through hospital data (14.2% versus 16.9%). Moreover, when compared to males, females were more likely to have work-aggravated asthma (24.4% versus 13.5%) and less likely to have new-onset asthma (48.0% versus 56.5%). Females were also more likely than males with work-related asthma to work in healthcare and social assistance (28.7% versus 5.2%), educational services (11.8% versus 4.2%), and retail trade (5.0% versus 3.9%) industries and in office and administrative support (20.0% versus 4.0%), healthcare practitioners and technical (13.4% versus 1.6%), and education training and library (6.2% versus 1.3%) occupations. Agent groups most frequently associated with work-related asthma were miscellaneous chemicals (20.3%), cleaning materials (15.3%), and indoor air pollutants (14.9%) in females and miscellaneous chemicals (15.7%), mineral and inorganic dusts (13.2%), and pyrolysis products (12.7%) in males.
CONCLUSIONS: Among adults with work-related asthma, males and females differ in terms of workplace exposures, occupations, and industries. Physicians should consider these gender differences when diagnosing and treating asthma in working adults.
 

J Asthma. 2014 Mar 27. [Epub ahead of print]